NCT02212184.

Inspiratory muscle training of moderate intensity improves respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness, and diaphragm mobility in elderly women and it should be considered to minimize changes associated with senescence.

The WBV is a training that could improve respiratory muscle strength and quality of life and promote different ventilatory strategies in chest wall and thoracoabdominal compartments in healthy elderly adults.

To investigate whether whole body vibration (WBV) training increases the explosive force of the knee extensors in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Fourteen CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis were randomly allocated in WBV training or Sham group. Explosive force parameters (contractile impulse [CImp] and relative rate of force development [RFDr]) obtained in early (30 and 50 msec) and late phases (100 and 200 msec) of the knee extensors force/time curve. CImp and RFDr obtained at the early phase of force/time curve reduced after the intervention period, with a smaller decline for WBV (CImp at 50 msec [~−15% and −51%, P=0.038], RFDr at 30 msec [~−22% and −52%, P=0.044] and RFDr at 50 msec [~−11% and −54%; P=0.008]). In the late phase there was a lower decline for WBV group compared to Sham group, respectively: CImp: 100 msec (~−8% and −55%, P=0.025), 200 msec (~−3% and −46%, P= 0.025); RFDr 100 msec (~0.01% and −56%, P=0.033), 200 msec (~−5% and −36%, P=0.004). Three months of WBV training may attenuate the explosive force reduction in CKD patients.

It is not completely described how aging affect ventilatory kinematics and what are the mechanisms adopted by the elderly population to overcome these structural modifications. Given this, the aim was to evaluate the acute effects of different inspiratory efforts on ventilatory pattern and chest wall compartmental distribution in elderly women. Variables assessed included: tidal volume (Vt), total chest wall volume (Vcw), pulmonary rib cage (Vrcp%), abdominal rib cage (Vrca%) and abdominal compartment (Vab%) relative contributions to tidal volume. These variables were assessed during quiet breathing, maximal inspiratory pressure maneuver (MIP), and moderate inspiratory resistance (MIR; i.e., 40% of MIP). 22 young women (age: 23.9 ± 2.5 years) and 22 elderly women (age: 68.2 ± 5.0 years) participated to this study. It was possible to show that during quiet breathing, Vab% was predominant in elderly (p<0.001), in young, however, Vab% was similar to Vrcp% (p=0.095). During MIR, Vrcp% was predominant in young (p<0.001) and comparable to Vab% in elderly (p=0.249). When MIP was imposed, both groups presented a predominance of Vrcp%. In conclusion, there are differences in abdominal kinematics between young and elderly women during different inspiratory efforts. In elderly, during moderate inspiratory resistance, the pattern is beneficial, deep, and slow. Although, during maximal inspiratory resistance, the ventilatory pattern seems to predict imminent muscle fatigue.

Aims: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of upper limb exercises to improve arteriovenous fistula maturation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out from February to August 2015 in the following databases: PUBMED, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, LILACS, SCIELO and CENTRAL. Results: Three studies were included, involving 134 participants (total). According to the total effect estimation, a mean difference of 0.36 (-0.95–1.67) was found for vein diameter, meanwhile a mean difference of 107.87 (-3.90–219.64) was found for blood flow. Conclusion: It was not possible to determine the effect size of the treatment due to a high bias risk of all included studies. Given this, the available evidence is still insufficient to support the prescription of upper limb exercises in order to improve arteriovenous fistula maturation. Therefore, randomised and controlled clinical trials monitored by methodological rigour should be developed in order to verify if the AVF maturation process can be evidenced through exercise.

Introduction: The literature presents different findings about the vibration training efficacy on muscle per- formance, even using protocols with similar parameters. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) on strength and quality of life in health elderly people, presenting a meta-analisys. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, SciELO, LILACS and PEDro databases were systematically searched for studies that used WBV in healthy elderly. These searches were supplemented with material identified in references and a qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed to sum- marize the findings. The search was performed by two independent researchers with a third was selected to solve problems of search disagreement, data collection, and quality score. Results: Nine studies with strength outcome and two studies with quality of life outcome were identified, with sample ranging 21 to 220 elderly, all studies had control groups performing exercises or guidelines. Some studies have shown sig- nificant improvements in muscle strength, muscle power, vertical jump height, timed get up and go test and quality of life. Conclusion: The meta-analysis of the findings in these studies shows that WBV could benefit health elderly, increasing muscle strength and improving the quality of life mainly in functional capacity. The number of publications found in the databanks searched is small, with limitations in design of protocols with a weakness to the interpretation of the findings, suggesting the need of investigation with WBV with well-designed protocols and controlled parameters into the effects of WBV training in elderly people.

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