The heritage value of the mixed wood-masonry 18th century Pombalino buildings\ud
of downtown Lisbon is recognized both nationally and internationally. These buildings\ud
have a three-dimensional timber structure composed of wooden floors, stairs and walls\ud
intended to provide better seismic resistance and are enclosed by masonry walls. These interior\ud
wooden walls are called “frontal” walls and their behaviour under cyclic loading has\ud
scarcely been studied. This report describes an experimental programme to determine the\ud
hysteretic behaviour of these “frontal” walls, using static cyclic shear testing with imposed\ud
displacements. Two tests were conducted on two identical real-size walls. A new hysteretic\ud
model for the cyclic behaviour of these “frontal” walls in Pombalino buildings is presented\ud
and calibrated based on the experimental results. The hysteresis model was developed based\ud
on a minimum number of path following rules that can reproduce the response of the wall\ud
tested under general monotonic or cyclic loading. The model is constructed using a series\ud
of exponential functions and linear functions. The nine parameters in this model capture the\ud
nonlinear hysteretic response of the wall. The hysteretic behaviour of such walls subjected\ud
to cyclic loading exhibit high nonlinear force-displacement responses and high ductility
Improving the seismic resistance of traditional buildings is essential for preserving cultural heritage and increasing their safety. This is especially important for old masonry buildings in Lisbon (“Pombalino”, “Gaioleiro” and “Placa”), which are still used for housing and services. Taking this into account, this paper is focused on the seismic assessment of these three types of buildings. The buildings were modelled based on the equivalent frame model approach, their dynamic characteristics were determined and non-linear static (pushover) analyses were performed. Furthermore, for the seismic demand of Lisbon, the seismic performance of such building classes was defined and compared. Finally, with the aim of supporting seismic risk and loss estimation studies, a probabilistic assessment was carried out and the fragility curves for each building type derived
Timber-framed masonry has been developed as an effective lateral-load resisting system in regions of high seismicity such as Southern Europe. A salient feature of the 'last generation' of timber-framed (TF) buildings is the presence of diagonal members that may consist of two diagonal braces. The present study focusses on alternative modelling procedures, ranging from simple to rather complex, for this interesting type of traditional structure. All models are applied to study the behaviour of full-scale specimens of diagonally-braced TF panels. The complex model is based on plasticity with contact surfaces for the connection between timber diagonals and masonry infills. A parametric analysis using this model shows that masonry infills affect only slightly the lateral force carried by this TF panel configuration. Furthermore, two simple modelling techniques are put forward for application in the analysis of large, realistic structures incorporating TF walls. The first one is directly connected to the complex modelling and is based on substructuring. A nine-step procedure is developed and is found to properly reproduce the response of the test specimens. The second simple model is a phenomenological one, developed on the basis of observed behaviour during tests and is a complete hysteretic model; however, for comparison purposes, all models are evaluated here with respect to the prediction of the envelope (pushover) curve for the walls tested under lateral loads.
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