Metallic stents may represent an effective temporary treatment for certain benign colonic conditions in the absence of other therapeutic alternatives.

Objective: To analyze the results obtained with a new surgical technique for minimally invasive (MIS) isolated posterior approach to the surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods: We compared two similar groups of patients with AIS of Lenke type 1A. The groups were similar in age, sex, Cobb angle, apex of the curve, vertebral rotation, thoracic kyphosis, fusion levels, type of instrumentation and follow-up. Group 1 was treated with a mini-invasive technique and Group 2 by the conventional method. We analyzed surgery time, intraoperative blood loss, analgesic requirements in the period immediately after surgery, hospitalization times, rate of screw malposition, loss of correction, rate of pseudoarthrosis, and implant mobilization. Results: In Group 1 (MIS) the surgery significantly decreased bleeding and there was a lower incidence of malpositioned screws in the recess than in the conventionally-treated group, however the surgery lasted longer. Both groups had similar analgesic requirements, and hospitalization times did not differ significantly. In the long-term, neither group showed any cases of non-union, correction losses, or mobilization of the implants. Conclusions: The MIS technique demonstrated longer surgery time and less blood loss, but did not reduce the analgesic requirements or hospitalization times. Initial correction of scoliosis by convexity decreased the incidence of malpositioned screws in the concavity. There was no losses resulting in correction, mobilization of the implants, or non-union. RESUMOObjetivo: Analisar os resultados de uma nova técnica cirúrgica minimamente invasiva (MIS, de minimally invasive surgery) em abordagem posterior isolada para a correção cirúrgica de escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA). Métodos: Foram comparados dois grupos de pacientes com EIA Lenke tipo 1A, semelhantes quanto a idade, sexo, ângulo de Cobb, ápice da curva, rotação vertebral, cifose torácica, níveis de fusão, tipo de instrumentação e acompanhamento. Os pacientes do Grupo 1 foram tratados com a técnica minimamente invasiva que será descrita e o Grupo 2, da maneira convencional. Foi analisado tempo de cirurgia, sangramento intraoperatório, necessidade de analgésicos no pós-operatório imediato, estadia hospitalar, taxa de mau posicionamento do parafuso, perda da correção, taxa de pseudoartrose e mobilidade dos implantes. Resultados: No Grupo 1 (MIS),a cirurgia diminuiu significativamente o sangramento e houve menor incidência de parafusos mau posicionados no orifício do que no grupo de tratamento convencional, porém o tempo de cirurgia foi maior. Ambos os grupos tiveram necessidade de analgésicos semelhante e o tempo de internação não apresentou diferenças. A longo prazo, em nenhum dos dois grupos houve casos de não-união, perdas de correção nem mobilidade dos implantes. Conclusões: A técnica MIS mostrou tempo operatório prolongado e menos perda de sangue, sem reduzir a necessidade de analgésicos nem o tempo de permanência no hospital. A correção inicial da escoliose pela co...

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Background: The role of children in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and their immune response after infection have been profoundly discussed. Hereby, we analyze both aspects in a Spanish pediatric population. Methods: Prospective, multicentre, longitudinal study performed from July 2020 to September 2021 in children up to 14 years old. Venous blood samples were collected every 6 months and serum was analyzed for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a spike (S) and a nucleocapsid (N) protein assays. Household contacts of seropositive children were tested. Household transmission, antibody dynamics, and durability were analyzed. Results: Two hundred children were recruited and 28 had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the end of the study, resulting in an overall seroprevalence of 16.6% (95% CI: 9.5%–19.6%). Most of children (18/28) were secondary cases. The secondary attack rate (SAR) was lower in households with pediatric index cases than in those with adult index cases (P = 0.023). The median antibody titers in the first positive serology, for the seropositive patients, were 137 BAU/mL (IQR 83.3–427.4) for the S-assay and 132.5 COI (IQR 14.5–170.5) for the N-assay without significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic children. The median time between the RT-PCR and the last serology was 7.5 months (IQR 5.2–8.8), and the duration of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after infection was proven to be at least 18 months. There were no cases of seroreversion. Conclusions: (1) Children are not the main drivers of SARS-CoV-2 household transmission. (2) They maintain SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for up to 18 months after infection and the titers are similar between symptomatic and asymptomatic children.