Abstract. Ng CKC, Abdullah F, Biun H, Ibrahim MK, Mustapha S, Sade A. 2017. Review: A working checklist of the freshwater fish diversity for habitat management and conservation work in Sabah, Malaysia,. Prioritization of freshwater habitat management and conservation is dependent on the availability of species baseline information at regional level. However, such information has not been updated since 2002 in Sabah. Thus the objective of this paper is to present the latest working checklist of freshwater ichthyofauna known so far in the state. A literature review of 68 studies was conducted focusing on the latest valid binomial nomenclature, locality and conservation status. A total of 166 valid species, namely 150 native species and 16 introduced species, were deduced from the literature. Native species comprised of 10 orders, 27 families and 75 genera while introduced species were from four orders, seven families and 14 genera. The review revealed 103 species (68.6% of native species) were yet to be assessed for the IUCN Red List and 11 species (7.3%) were identified as Data Deficient by IUCN. Some taxonomic discrepancies were also found and discussed. Many areas in Sabah remain poorly inventoried due to unequal sampling effort, biophysical and cultural challenges. The species list proposed herein is tentative at best and the number of species is expected to increase as more surveys are conducted in the near future.
We characterized the genetic diversity, phylogeography, and demography of Tor sp. (Cyprinidae) from Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, by examining nucleotide variation in the D-loop region of the mtDNA. Sequence analysis of 18 populations (N = 173) yielded 35 unique mtDNA haplotypes with mean haplotype and nucleotide diversity of 0.833 and 0.023, respectively. Phylogenetic reconstructions using Bayesian, neighbor-joining, and maximum parsimony methods, as well as haplotype network, revealed four well-defined clades, namely, the eastern, central, northwestern, and southwestern clades, which corresponded to evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). These ESUs were estimated to have become separated since the late Miocene to Pliocene era (between 5 and 1 million years ago), with the central highlands of Sabah Crocker Trusmadi Range (CTR) constituting the main barrier to genetic exchange between clades. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and pairwise genetic differentiation showed significant population structuring (Φct = 0.575–1.000, p < 0.05). We further identified eight major groups of river systems harboring reproductively isolated Tor subpopulations. Neutrality statistics and Bayesian skyline plots (BSP) suggested constant population size over time for most Tor populations. Tor sp. in Sabah is comprised of four ESUs (eastern, central, northwestern, and southwestern ESUs), and that each ESU can be compartmentalized into 1–4 MUs. Due to isolation by distance, the highest number of MU occurs in the low-elevation drainages of Eastern Sabah, which is the largest in terms of land area. The evidence provided by this study supports the hypothesis that the four ESU represent genetically distinct subpopulations of Tor and highlight the urgent need for the in situ conservation of these subpopulations.
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