No abstract

Binge drinking (i.e. consuming half the recommended weekly consumption of alcohol in a single session) is a common activity among young people. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour as its theoretical framework, this paper reports a study exploring the motivational and attitudinal factors underlying binge drinking in a sample of undergraduate students. Questionnaires were completed by 136 undergraduates which focused on their drinking behaviour and their beliefs about binge drinking. Binge drinking was found to be more prevalent among male respondents, and a number of significant differences in the beliefs of male and female respondents were found which supported this difference in drinking behaviour. A regression analysis identified two key predictors of the frequency of binge drinking; these being positive control beliefs and perceived behavioural control. Frequent binge drinkers were more likely to recognize the influence of a range of factors which may serve to encourage binge drinking (e.g. celebrating an event) and less likely to believe that the decision to engage in binge drinking is under their control. The results are discussed in relation to measures which may help to reduce the incidence of binge drinking through changes in the social environment.

The study was designed to identify conditions under which dream reports are likely to be given when Ss are awakened from different types of sleep. As has been found in previous studies, awakenings from periods of Stage-1 sleep with rapid eye movements (REM) led to reports of cognitive experiences more often than awakenings from periods of Stage-2, -3, or -4 sleep without rapid eye movements (non-REM), and the non-REM reports were frequently labeled as thoughts rather than dreams by the Ss. Thinking reports occurred more frequently when the awakenings were gradual than when the awakenings were abrupt. Reports of cognitive activity decreased in frequency as a function of time in Stage-2, -3, or -4 non-REM sleep after the end of a REM period. The same decrease was obtained when the Ss entered non-REM sleep from a waking state, without an intervening REM period.

In ESKD, life-saving RRT brings major changes to the body. These adversely affect social relationships and family formation during the crucial period of early adulthood. Effects vary according to age of onset, RRT modality, and gender, with those who were ill before puberty and those on dialysis worst affected.