Crude oil spill destroys biodiversity and adversely impacts the physicochemical characteristics of the terrestrial and aquatic environments. The population characteristics of soil nematodes can serve as indicators of alterations in the terrestrial environment. To determine the effects of crude oil spillage on the soil nematode fauna status; a study was carried out at an impacted area in Gokana Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. 60 soil samples were randomly collected vertically (30 from the unpolluted sites and 30 from the polluted sites) at designated depths of 0-5 cm, 6-10 cm and 11-15 cm with the aid of a calibrated soil corer. Soil samples were taken to the laboratory for nematode extraction using the Baermann's extraction technique and the sieving method. Physiochemical parameters of the soil samples were determined using standard laboratory techniques. A total of 340 nematodes (from 11 genera) were recovered in the soil samples comprising; 169 (49.7%) nematodes from polluted sites and 171 (50.3%) nematodes from the unpolluted sites. There was slight variability in nematode species diversity, richness and abundance in the polluted and unpolluted sites (p>0.05). Crude oil pollution influenced soil nematodes community composition while anthropological interferences such as farming influenced the successional trend of which was reflected in the maturity index values obtained from the study.
The current study was aimed at determining the nematicidal efficacy of Helianthus annuus and Chromolaena odorata in the management of M. incognita. The qualitative and quantitative screening of the phytochemicals present in the extracts of tested botanical was done with the gas chromatography flame ionization detector and spectrophotometric analysis where flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, steroids and glycosides were obtained at varying concentrations. The botanical extract significantly enhanced the inhibition of juveniles hatching individually when compared to the control (P<0.05). The maximum percentage egg hatch inhibition recorded in tested botanicals at 72 hours of exposure in 100% concentration were Helianthus annuus = 68% and Chromolaena odorata = 89.33%. The extract from Chromolaena odorata was more infective due to the presence of terpenoids which are not found in the extract of Helianthus annuus. The study thus, suggests that the identification, isolation and bio-assaying of phytochemicals in the tested botanicals could lead to nematicidal discovery as a good alternative for the management of M. incognita for an eco-friendly and sustainable agriculture.
Background:The study was embarked on to evaluate the presence of haemoparasitemia in cattle slaughtered in three abattoirs in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and five (105) blood samples were obtained from healthy Sokoto Gudali breed of cattle from three abattoirs (Trans-Amadi, Rumuokoro and Eastern-by-Pass) between the months of July and September, 2016, were processed for microscopic examination using Giemsa Stained thick and thin smear preparations of the samples. Results: Twelve (11.43%) of the cattle showed parasitemia. Abattoir specific prevalence indicated 5.71%, 3.81% and 1.90% for Trans-Amadi, Rumuokoro and Eastern-by-Pass respectively. The three species of parasites identified; Anaplasma spp., Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. recorded a prevalence of 5.71%, 3.81% and 1.90% respectively. Sex related parasitemia showed that females
Original Research Article
The present in vitro study was to ascertain the phytochemicals and the nematicidal potential of organic extract of Datura stramonium and Gongronema latifolium on egg hatch inhibition of M. incognita for the effective control of root knot nematodes. The tested botanical extract are found to possess alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, phenols, terpenoids and glycosides in different composition as shown from the phytochemical analysis of the extracts. The egg hatchability test shows that the extracts were very effective in inhibiting egg hatching in all concentrations as compared to the control and the percentage egg hatch inhibition was related to the level of dilution and time of exposure. Datura stramonium was more effective in inhibiting egg hatching of 98% at 100% concentration compared to 76% inhibitory effect of Gongoronema latifolium which may be due to the presence of terpenoids and higher concentration of alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols in the extracts of D. stramolium. The vast bioactive components present in the tested botanicals make them suitable for bio pesticides and nematicide synthesis for eco-friendly and sustainable agro development.
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