Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV has been a global issue being addressed with prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) strategy. Nigeria is said to be responsible for 30% of the global burden of MTCT of HIV. Hence, Delta state of Nigeria had implemented its own PMTCT in line with the global plan to eliminate MTCT. This paper evaluates the determinants and level of effectives of PMTCT with a view to develop a framework to review the program in Delta state.Methods: This was a narrative literature review which aimed at appraising available reports on PMTCT services and related data. In particular, the ‘Delta state development performance: health sector report 1991–2013’ was appraised. Results: Generally, Delta state has improved on infant survival better than national baseline. Specifically, on PMTCT, more women (average 2.9%) than men (average 2.1%) have tested positive for HIV in the 5 years period of 2008–2012 free screening. Further, the report indicates that the State has achieved 78% of eligible facilities offering PMTCT services in the state, but only 23% coverage of pregnancies. Conclusions: In the context of cost effectiveness as well as improvement in service delivery, there is a need to investigate the success rates of health facilities that are offering PMTCT services. There is also need to investigate the barriers to PMTCT that may be prevailing in Delta state.
Background: Factors influencing acceptance of cervical cancer services are being investigated, and widely reported to be quite low. However, there is dearth of research investigation on the odds of women’s acceptance of this gynaecological service. Objective of this study was to investigates the odds of unwilling to accept cervical cancer services.Methods: The study was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey and fourth piece in a series of analysis. Details of data collection are as previously described. Odds ratio was determined using online calculator; and based on proportion of respondents who have accepted the cervical cancer service, willing to complete an incomplete process and encourage others to take up the procedure.Results: The percentage of respondents who indicated no problem with HPV vaccination (55%) is higher than cervical screening (53%), but not statistically significantly different. On average, unwillingness to vaccinate later, complete their vaccinations or encourage their daughter are one-third of those who vaccinated. Those unwilling to take up cervical screening, encourage others to screen or overcome their fears are more than (161%) the subgroup who have been screened. Results show odds of unwillingness for both procedures are less than 1, but a little greater for cervical screening.Conclusions: It has been articulated that the likelihood to take up cervical cancer services will be influenced by the beliefs. This report advances that observed low acceptance level does not translate to high likelihood of unwillingness to accept the gynaecological services. Belief and nature of work of women need to be concertedly investigated.
Background: The global public health issue of Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV is being addressed with Prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) strategy. A narrative review has recently been published. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine from an early infant diagnosis program in Delta State if there is reduction in MTCT of HIV. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Three health institutions comprising of one from each of the three senatorial district in Delta State were used for the study. The records of 1080 prenatally exposed babies that had DNA PCR tests between 6 weeks to 18 months were evaluated descriptively. Data mining was from the period of August 2009 to December, 2016. Child followup register was reviewed for information that included, age the child had PCR done, commencement of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) at birth, if mother was on ART, result of PCR and test done at 18 months. Results: 98.0% of HIV positive mothers were on ART during pregnancy, 98.9% of the infants were on ART at birth, and 93.1% were exclusively breast fed. The outcome of the PMTCT program obtained shows that compared to 100% effectiveness among infants who were compulsorily treated on the basis of their mothers being on treatment, there is 89% efficiency among those who either themselves or their mothers received treatment; but only 17% efficiency was achieved where neither mother nor child is receiving treatment. Conclusion: This study shows that with effective PMTCT intervention, reducing MTCT of HIV is being achieved by the public health service.
Vegetables are any plant whose fruit, seeds, roots, tubers, bulbs, stems, leaves, or flower parts are used as food. However, this study captures leafy vegetables which are affordable and quick to cook; rich in several macro and micronutrients including vitamins, minerals and fibers which are essential for anemic, metabolic syndrome and wound management. Though the nutritive contents of these vegetables abound, this study aims at advancing the education on the relevant contents of indigenous vegetables based on established data of the synonymous vegetables. This Case Series article was intended to be pictorial representation of functional leafy vegetables that are available in the research site. Unique graphic designs of the seven indigenous vegetables, which have been previously reviewed, were made to portray their potential micronutrient values and relevance as functional foods in health and disease. Although the seven graphical images indicated similarities, various add-on health values are highlighted. The pictograms depict medical nutrition therapy potentials. . Each pictogram represents an educational tool for health promotion about a vegetable. Bitter leaf had an added value for kidney functions management, Amaranthus for bone maintenance, Lemon grass for insomnia management and general detox, Mint leaf for stomach upset management, Moringa for cancer and malnutrition management, Fluted pumpkin, and Water leaf for constipation management. The health values of these indigenous vegetables include management of common ailments such as anemia, metabolic syndrome and wound management is relatively scarce. This Case Series provides a compendium of seven pictorials to be used as graphical health educational resource to promote consumption of indigenous vegetables in Delta State Nigeria. The significance is to advance health promotion on food matters among a populations where the people may be more inclined to visual prompts. Implications for the COVID19 pandemic is briefly addressed.Keywords: antioxidants, haematinics, health promotion, immunomodulation, infections, metabolic syndrome, micronutrients, wound management
Background: Delta state of Nigeria is a typical micro-world of multicultural values and religious beliefs as well as socioeconomic strata that could impact on the uptake of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination. Yet, the demographics of women in conjunction with knowledge and perception of cervical cancer screening have not been surveyed. This study aimed to assess the demographics of civil service women servants in Delta State and their knowledge regarding cervical cancer.Methods: The study was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of female civil servants in the states’ capital city of Asaba. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on eight demographic factors (age, educational level, ethnicity, income level, marital status, number of children, religion and workplace); as well as information on knowledge of cervical. Percentage proportions of respondents were assessed for the eight demographic factors. Absolute frequencies of affirmative responses to the questions on knowledge were evaluation. Hypothesis was tested for statistical significance of the demographic variables.Results: Analysis of the respondents (N=285) show that virtually all participants have heard of cervical cancer and knows that sexual promiscuity is a risk of the health condition. Only less than 5% of them attribute healthcare workers as their source of knowledge. Except age and marital status, every demographic variable is significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Demographics of women are significant in terms of potential factors that could influence the uptake of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening.
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