Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common clinical diagnosis for which empirical antibiotics are used in veterinary medicine. For veterinarians, the description of canine and feline antibiograms can help with making prudent use decisions and guideline formulation. For public health officers and epidemiologists, a urinary antibiogram overview helps track and trend antimicrobial resistance (AMR). There is currently a knowledge gap in AMR prevalence associated with urinary tract infection in feline and canine patients and the resistance percentage of these microbes against some of the over-the-counter antibiotics available to local pet owners. This study has two aims. First, it aims to investigate the frequency of the bacteria and bacterial-resistance pattern in urine samples obtained from feline and canine patients. Second, it aims to determine the resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli), the most frequently isolated bacteria, to first-line antibiotics. Results: We identified the five most-frequently isolated bacterial species and determined these isolates’ antibiotic sensitivity and resistance. The most-frequently isolated bacteria in feline and canine patients was Escherichia coli (E. coli). E. coli was identified, on average, in 37.2% of canine and 46.5% of feline urine samples. Among feline urinary samples, Enterococcus (14.7%) and Staphylococcus (14.5%) spp. were isolated more frequently, followed by Pseudomonas (4.8%) and Klebsiella (5.2%) spp. (). In canine samples, Proteus (17.9%) and Staphylococcus (13.2%) spp. were isolated more frequently, followed by Enterococcus (10.0%) and Klebsiella (8.59%) spp. Among these isolates, 40 to 70% of Staphylococcus spp. bacterial isolates from feline and canine patients were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin. During the three-year study period, among canine patients, 10 to 20% of Staphylococcus spp. bacterial isolates were resistance to fluoroquinolones, other quinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins. Among feline patients, 10% of Staphylococcus spp., 15 to 20% of E. coli, 50 to 60% of Klebsiella spp., and 90% of Pseudomonas spp. were resistant to cefovecin, a commonly used antibiotic.
This article explores the work of three university professors who are committed to issues of social justice and community building in a professional development master's degree program for practicing teachers. The program incorporates such traditions as arts integration, reflective practice, critical reflection, and teacher research as mechanisms to foster the transformation of teachers' “hidden inner curriculum.” Findings from an evaluation of the program include evidence of transformation by means of unveiling the hidden inner curriculum via identity development, voice experimentation, and perspective taking. Implications and suggestions for pre- and in-service teacher education include community building, individualization, and developing a sense of agency in teachers.
This chapter examines the use of digital repositories, libraries, and archives that serve as the collective memory of humanity. American Memory, Global Gateway, Memory of the World and the World Digital Library are discussed as technological sources for cultural and global learning as well as contributing to the perseveration and transmission of cultural heritage. The focus of the study is to demonstrate how these technological marvels can be utilized by educators to prepare learners for a global, diverse, and technological world. Despite problems with memory, access, and engagement, these digital repositories can be effectively used in the classroom if these underlying issues are dealt with. The chapter will also share data from a pilot study that sheds light on how American Memory, Global Gateway, Memory of the World and their underlying issues are dealt with in actual practice and implementation
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.