Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of contingent reward on the relationship between democratic leadership and organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach Explanatory and cross-sectional survey designs were used. A quantitative research approach was also adopted to collect the data from 476 employees in the telecommunication industry. Using statistics package for social science, the data was analyzed via descriptive statistics, correlation and hierarchical regression techniques. Findings The results reveal that both democratic leadership and contingent reward have a significant positive relationship with organizational performance. Furthermore, contingent reward significantly augments and moderates the relationship between democratic leadership and organizational performance. Thus, the combination of democratic leadership and contingent reward would more likely produce higher organizational performance. Originality/value This study has made a significant contribution to leadership and organizational literature by establishing the effectiveness of contingent reward as a moderator on the relationship between democratic leadership and organizational performance in a telecommunication industry.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of locus of control (internal and external) on entrepreneurial intention of final year undergraduate students in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts descriptive and cross-sectional survey designs. It also employs quantitative approach to collect the data from 300 final year undergraduate students in selected universities in Ghana. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and hierarchical regression techniques.FindingsThe results reveal that there is a positive relationship between locus of control (both internal and external) and entrepreneurial intention. However, it is found that external locus of control has more influence on entrepreneurial intention compared to internal locus of control. In addition, gender has no controlling effect on the relationship between locus of control and entrepreneurial intention.Practical implicationsThe findings imply that entrepreneurial course contents should include topics on locus of control that will expose the students to the reality of their environments so as to learn how to take control and create opportunities out of their environments. Again, students should be encouraged and educated on how to build up personality traits such as the need for achievement, innovativeness and risk-taking, since these traits have direct impact on their locus of control which in turn impacts on their entrepreneurial intentions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by investigating determinants of entrepreneurial intention from a different perspective, and reveals that individuals (regardless of their gender) with external locus of control are more likely to become entrepreneurs in a developing economy.

No abstract

PurposeThis paper aims at investigating how tourist experience elicits satisfaction and contributes to loyalty and willingness to pay more for a museum destination. The study also investigates the significant moderating role of visiting frequency on the relationship between satisfaction and willingness to pay more.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted with 385 tourists who visited the National Museum in Ghana and answered questions relating to experience, satisfaction, loyalty, and willingness to pay more. Structural equation modelling was used to test the relationships and effects of the adapted constructs.FindingsThe results revealed the significant effects of tourist experience on satisfaction, as well as the significant effects of satisfaction on loyalty and willingness to pay more. In addition, a significant moderating effect of visiting frequency was reported on the relationship between satisfaction and tourist willingness to pay more.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is destination-specific. The application of the findings to other museums would demand a bigger sample size for generalisation to be made.Practical implicationsManagers should develop strategies that promote museum tourist travelling experience, satisfaction, desire and choice, and thereby attract more tourists to museum sites.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the growing literature on museum tourist experience as an important variable in promoting tourist satisfaction, loyalty, and tourist willingness to pay more.

The study of public administration is widely considered essential for the development of Africa's public sector. African university managers need to know if previous knowledge, groups studies, wideness of syllabi, and difficulty to follow textbooks/ slides influence the difficulty of students in the understanding of public administration. Failure to establish these precludes African universities from understanding the possibilities of these variables affecting students' understanding in the study of the course. This can impede efforts geared at making students understand the course and applying it for the development of the continent's public sector. With scant studies in the area of difficulties in the study of the course, this study will add to the literature with detailed probes of aspects of the concepts students find difficulty in the study of the course. The study is anchored on the transformative learning theory and adopts the explanatory sequential research approach using a sample N = 650 from five African universities. Using frequencies and chi square, data analysed found significant differences in the concept observed; politics, bureaucracy, public policy, ethics, arms of government, decentralization, governance, public personnel administration, and defining public administration. These difficulties were largely attributed to wideness of syllabi and lack of previous knowledge in the study of public administration. Appropriate remediating measures have been preferred to ease the difficulties in the study of public administration in African universities.