A collaborative work was carried out by the Spanish and Portuguese ISFG Working Group (GEP-ISFG) to estimate Y-STR mutation rates. Seventeen Y chromosome STR loci (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I and II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS460, DYS461, DYS635 [GATA C4], GATA H4, and GATA A10) were analyzed in a sample of 3,026 father/son pairs. Among 27,029 allele transfers, 54 mutations were observed, with an overall mutation rate across the 17 loci of 1.998 x 10(-3) (95% CI, 1.501 x 10(-3) to 2.606 x 10(-3)). With just one exception, all of the mutations were single-step, and they were observed only once per gametogenesis. Repeat gains were more frequent than losses, longer alleles were found to be more mutable, and the mutation rate seemed to increase with the father's age. Hum Mutat 26(6), 520-528, 2005. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Population data of 15 short tandem repeat loci of the AmpFlSTR® next generation multiplex (NGM)™ were obtained from a sample of 835 individuals. The loci are the ten short tandem repeats (STRs) in the SGM Plus® Kit plus the EDNAP- and ENSFI-recommended STRs D10S1248, D22S1045, D2S441, D1S1656, and D12S391. Allele frequency and other forensically relevant statistics data were generated for the NGM loci into five current country macroregions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Central West, Southeast, and South). All the analyzed loci meet Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations and no linkage disequilibrium in all pairs of loci. The observed and expected heterozygosity, power of discrimination, polymorphic information content, and the other population-genetic indices were calculated. The overall power of discrimination was greater than 0.99999999999999999996 and the combined power of exclusion was greater than 0.9999998 in all Brazilian populations. Comparative analysis between populations from different Brazilian macroregions as well as between Brazil and Caucasian, African Americans, and Hispanic US populations are presented.

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar algumas Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APAs) urbanas no Brasil, analisando as políticas públicas vinculadas ao planejamento urbano, passivos ambientais e fragilidades dessas políticas públicas em face da ocupação urbana. Foram checadas diferentes fontes de informação relacionadas às APAs urbanas analisadas, abrangendo planos de manejo, diagnósticos ambientais, artigos publicados e legislação aplicável. Constatou-se que os objetivos da criação das APAs, no que se refere a garantir a proteção dos ecossistemas e suas diversidades biológicas, disciplinar a ocupação do solo e o de possibilitar o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais, em sua plenitude, não têm sido atendidos em vários aspectos relacionados às necessidades humanas nas cidades e no seu entorno rural.

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The post-agenda 2015 of the United Nations has focused on the environment based on the definition of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to analyse which were the positive and negative externalities generated by public policies in the environmental scope between 2000 and 2015 in the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of the Lageado area in Campo Grande, MS, from photographic records, satellite images and direct survey with beneficiaries.