The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between reaction time and deception type and investigate the effect of deception type on reaction time during smash in Badminton. Sex Badminton players are high level athletes in the world participated in the last Olympic championship "London 2012", (mass 69.17±6.31 kg, length 178.00±0.06 cm. Reaction time is defined as the period of time that elapses between offensive player stroke the shuttle and opponent player move to shuttle direction. Smashes were analyzed of the last six matches in Olympic championship London 2012, two matches in Quarter-finals, two matches of Semi-finals, Bronze Medal Match and Gold Medal Match. Dartfish v.7 software motion analysis used to analysis 230 smashes and for the statistical analysis of the data the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used. The complex deception is more difficult types of deception for the opponents as the player use more than a tool during the striking and then the degree of difficulty followed by arm deception, while the performance of the smashes without deception gives a greater opportunity for an opponent to anticipate the strike and then stopped, and this means that the increase the degree of difficulty of deception increased the time of reaction necessary to repel the strike, thereby increasing the opportunity to make the point, therefore must specify a part in the content of the training programs for the smashes combined with different types of deception.
This research was conducted to identify the effect of visual training on some visual abilities and badminton attack shots performance accuracy. Visual abilities studied are (Vision peripheral. Visual tracking, depth perception, Vision field perception, static visual acuity, dynamic visual acuity, Visual reaction speed, Visual focus, and Eye-Hand-Body coordination). Badminton skills studied are (Forehand smash shot, forehand drop shot, forehand clear shot, and lob attacking shot). Study participants consisted of (30) players at Alexandria University, who divided randomly into two equal groups (experimental group = 15 players, and control group = 15 players). With following characteristics: (mean ± SD) age = (21.16 ± 0.9498 years), height = (177.46 ± 6.693 cm), mass = (72.766 ± 9.179 kg), and visual acuity for two eyes = (1.30± 0.60). Experimental design was used with two groups, experimental group who used visual training program and other control group who used traditional training related to badminton. Group of tests that suits to prementioned visual abilities and badminton skills were used as data collecting tools. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software package using following statistics coefficients and tests: mean, standard deviation, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests, T test, simple correlation coefficient, change ratio. It is concluded that visual training has had positive effect on visual abilities and badminton attack shots performance accuracy
The purpose of this study was to quantify the coordination between agonist and antagonist elbow muscles during squash backhand crosscourt shots in adult female players. Ten right-handed, international-level, female squash players participated in the study. The electrical muscle activity of two right elbow agonist/antagonist muscles, the biceps brachii and triceps brachii, were recorded using a surface EMG system, and processed using the integrated EMG to calculate a co-activation index (CoI) for the preparation phase, the execution phase, and the follow-through phase. A significant effect of the phases on the CoI was observed. Co-activation was significantly different between the follow-through and the execution phase (45.93 ± 6.00% and 30.14 ± 4.11%, p < 0.001), and also between the preparation and the execution phase (44.74 ± 9.88% and 30.14 ± 4.11%, p < 0.01). No significant difference was found between the preparation and the follow-through phase (p = 0.953). In conclusion, the co-activation of the elbow muscles varies within the squash backhand crosscourt shots. The highest level of co-activation was observed in the preparation phase and the lowest level of co-activation was observed during the execution. The co-activation index could be a useful method for the interpretation of elbow muscle co-activity during a squash backhand crosscourt shot.
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