Patients with CF who have chronic P. aeruginosa infection show an age-dependent, quantitative, and qualitative impairment of Tregs. Modulation of Tregs represents a novel strategy to rebalance T-cell responses, dampen inflammation, and ultimately improve outcomes for patients with infective CF lung disease.
The identification of peroxisomal membrane proteins is very important to understand the import mechanisms of substrates and proteins into these organelles and the pathogenesis of human peroxisomal disorders like the Zellweger Syndrom. Peroxisomal membrane proteins were identified after separation by gel electrophoresis, tryptic digestion and mass spectrometric analysis. Using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and nanoliquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), it was possible to identify 45 proteins of isolated yeast peroxisomal membranes.
Body temperature affects outcomes of tissue injury. We hypothesized that online body core temperature recording and selective interventions help to standardize peri-interventional temperature control and the reliability of outcomes in experimental renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). We recorded core temperature in up to seven mice in parallel using a Thermes USB recorder and ret-3-iso rectal probes with three different protocols. Setup A: Heating pad during ischemia time; Setup B: Heating pad from incision to wound closure; Setup C: A ventilated heating chamber before surgery and during ischemia time with surgeries performed on a heating pad. Temperature profile recording displayed significant declines upon installing anesthesia. The profile of the baseline experimental setup A revealed that <1% of the temperature readings were within the target range of 36.5 to 38.5°C. Setup B and C increased the target range readings to 34.6 ± 28.0% and 99.3 ± 1.5%, respectively. Setup C significantly increased S3 tubular necrosis, neutrophil influx, and mRNA expression of kidney injury markers. In addition, using setup C different ischemia times generated a linear correlation with acute tubular necrosis parameters at a low variability, which further correlated with the degree of kidney atrophy 5 weeks after surgery. Changing temperature control setup A to C was equivalent to 10 minutes more ischemia time. We conclude that body temperature drops quickly in mice upon initiating anesthesia. Immediate heat supply, e.g. in a ventilated heating chamber, and online core temperature monitoring can help to standardize and optimize experimental outcomes.
Social network analysis (SNA) is becoming a prevalent method in education research and practice. But criticism has been voiced against the heavy reliance on quantification within SNA. Recent work suggests combining quantitative and qualitative approaches in SNA—mixed methods social network analysis (MMSNA)—as a remedy. MMSNA is helpful for addressing research questions related to the formal or structural side of relationships and networks, but it also attends to more qualitative questions such as the meaning of interactions or the variability of social relationships. In this chapter, we describe how researchers have applied and presented MMSNA in publications from the perspective of general mixed methods research. Based on a systematic review, we summarize the different applications within the field of education and learning research, point to potential shortcomings of the methods and its presentation, and develop an agenda to support researchers in conducting future MMSNA research.
Proteome studies are powerful tools to solve many different problems in metabolism, signal transduction, drug discovery, and other areas of interest in life sciences. Up to now, high-sensitive methods for protein identification after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using mass spectrometry are available. However, the identification of post-translational modifications after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is still an unsolved problem. In this paper, we want to give several examples for the successful identification of post-translational modifications and point mutations.
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