The structural elucidation of lipid A of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Rhodospirillum salinarum 40 by chemical methods and laser desorption mass spectrometry revealed the presence of a mixed lipid A composed of three different 1,4'bisphosphorylated beta (1 --> 6)-linked backbone hexosaminyl-hexosamine disaccharides, i.e. those composed of GlcN --> GlcN, 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-Glc-(DAG --> DAG, and DAG --> GlcN. Lipid A of R. salinarum contained preferentially 3-OH-18:0 and 3-OH-14:0 as amide-linked and cis delta 11-18:1 and c19:0 as ester-linked fatty acids. The mass spectra of the liberated acyl-oxyacyl residues proved the concomitant presence of 3-O-(cis delta 11-18:1)-18:0 and 3-O-(c19:0)-14:0 as the predominating diesters in this mixed lipid A. The glycosidically linked and the ester-linked phosphate groups of the backbone disaccharide were neither substituted by ethanolamine, phosphorylethanolamine, nor by 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose, in contrast to most of the enterobacterial lipid As. In the core oligosaccharide fraction, a HexA (1 --> 4)HexA(1 --> 5)Kdo-trisaccharide was identified by methylation analysis. The terminal HexA (hexuronic acid) is possibly 4-OMe-GalA, a component described here as an LPS constituent for the first time. LPS of R. salinarum showed a lethality in C57BL/10 ScSN (LPS-responder)-mice) of an order of 10(-1)-10(-2) of that reported for Salmonella abortus equi LPS, and it was also capable of inducing TNF alpha and IL6 in macrophages of C57BL/10ScSN mice.
The structural elucidation of lipid A of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Rhodospirillum salinarum 40 by chemical methods and laser desorption mass spectrometry revealed the presence of a mixed lipid A composed of three different 1,4'bisphosphorylated beta (1 --> 6)-linked backbone hexosaminyl-hexosamine disaccharides, i.e. those composed of GlcN --> GlcN, 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-Glc-(DAG --> DAG, and DAG --> GlcN. Lipid A of R. salinarum contained preferentially 3-OH-18:0 and 3-OH-14:0 as amide-linked and cis delta 11-18:1 and c19:0 as ester-linked fatty acids. The mass spectra of the liberated acyl-oxyacyl residues proved the concomitant presence of 3-O-(cis delta 11-18:1)-18:0 and 3-O-(c19:0)-14:0 as the predominating diesters in this mixed lipid A. The glycosidically linked and the ester-linked phosphate groups of the backbone disaccharide were neither substituted by ethanolamine, phosphorylethanolamine, nor by 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose, in contrast to most of the enterobacterial lipid As. In the core oligosaccharide fraction, a HexA (1 --> 4)HexA(1 --> 5)Kdo-trisaccharide was identified by methylation analysis. The terminal HexA (hexuronic acid) is possibly 4-OMe-GalA, a component described here as an LPS constituent for the first time. LPS of R. salinarum showed a lethality in C57BL/10 ScSN (LPS-responder)-mice) of an order of 10(-1)-10(-2) of that reported for Salmonella abortus equi LPS, and it was also capable of inducing TNF alpha and IL6 in macrophages of C57BL/10ScSN mice.
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), isolated from fourAquaspirillum species, i.e. the type strains of A. itersonii subsp. nipponicum, A. polymorphum, A. aquaticum and A. metamorphum together with A. metamorphum mutant strain 12-3 were characterized onto their chemical composition. A. itersonii subsp. nipponicum IFO 13615 and A. polymorphum IFO 13961, both belonging to the a-1 subgroup of Proteobacteria, possess L-glycero-Dmanno-heptose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid in their LPS and both have 3-hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid as hydroxylated fatty acid. A. itersonii subsp. nipponicum has additionally 3-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid and a small amount of 3-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid. In the LPSs of A. aquaticum IFO 14918 and both A. metamorphum IFO 13960 strains, which belong to the /3-1 subgroup of Proteobacteria, neither heptoses nor uronic acids could be detected. The main sugar components were rhamnose and glucose and both possess the same three major fatty acid constituents dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid. From the DOC-PAGE pattern it was evident that A. itersonii subsp. nipponicum and A. polymorphum have a similar LPS-type as revealed for two Rhodospirillum strains, R. fulvum DSM 117 and R. molischianum NTHC 131. These strains being members of the a-1 group of Proteobacteria possess LPSs which show distinct gaps between the band of R-type LPS and other slower-moving bands. In the case of A. metamorphum
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