ABSTRACT. This article serves as an introduction to the collection of papers in this monographic issue on ''What the European tradition can teach about Corporate Social Responsibility'' and presents the rationale and the main hypotheses of the project. We maintain that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an ethical concept, that the demands for socially responsible actions have been around since before the Industrial Revolution and that companies have responded to them, especially in Europe, and that the content of CSR has evolved over time, depending on historical, cultural, political, and socio-economic drivers and particular conditions in different countries and also at different points in time. Therefore, there is not -and probably cannot be -a unique, precise definition of CSR: one global standard for CSR is unlikely.

corporate social responsibility, cluster, network model, participatory approach, strategy, SMEs, ISO 26000,

As a contribution to the emerging field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) cognition, this article reports on the findings of an exploratory study that compares SME owner-managers' mental models with regard to CSR and related concepts across six European countries (Belgium, Italy, Norway, France, UK, Spain). Utilising Repertory Grid Technique, we found that the SME ownermanagers' mental models show a few commonalities as well as a number of differences across the different country samples. We interpret those differences by linking individual cognition to macro-environmental variables, such as language, national traditions and dissemination mechanisms. The results of our exploratory study show that nationality matters but that classifications of countries as found in the comparative capitalism literature do not exactly mirror national differences in CSR cognition and that these classifications need further differentiation. The findings from our study raise questions on the universality of cognition of academic management concepts and warn that promotion of responsible business practice should not rely on the use of unmediated US American management terminology.

business–government partnership, common good, ethics of care, ethics-driven corporate social responsibility, global corporate citizenship, societal responsibility, Chinese factories, SMEs, supply chain, authentic ethical leadership, inclusiveness,