ObjectiveTo examine the potential association of ocean voyaging with human health and well-being from the perspectives and experiences of the medical officers (MOs) who served during the Worldwide Voyage (WWV).DesignUsing a phenomenology framework, focus group and individual interviews were conducted and analysed by three diverse core researchers and then reviewed by three external researchers to enhance triangulation. Analysis used the Framework Method and Atlas-ti software (V.8.4.4) to facilitate coding, identify categories and develop an analytical matrix. The matrix was applied to all data using the constant comparative method to construct major themes and subthemes. Synthesised member checking was performed.SettingIn 2014–2017, the WWV began in Hawai’i on a traditional voyaging canoe, known as Hōkūle'a, using a non-instrument navigational method, ‘wayfinding’, powered only by natural forces and guided by traditional ecological knowledge. Each segment of the voyage included ~12 individuals, including an MO physician. The entire WWV included 172 ports-of-call, 36 legs and 250+ crew members.ParticipantsWe purposively sampled all MO physicians who participated in the WWV and enrolled 87% of eligible MOs (n=20 of 23). We conducted two focus groups (n=17=11+6, 85%) and three individual informant interviews (n=3, 15%).ResultsThe four major themes: (1) Relationships; (2) Preventive Care to Enhance Health; (3) Holistic Health and Wellbeing beyond Voyaging and (4) Spiritual Transformative Experience, strongly suggest that ocean voyaging aboard a traditional voyaging canoe enhanced human health and well-being. The overall impact to perceived health and well-being extended beyond any increase in physical exercise. Essentially, traditional Polynesian ocean voyaging provided a cultural-based context for holistic health and well-being that influenced multiple levels and multiple dimensions.ConclusionPolynesian ocean voyaging was perceived as positively associated with holistic health and overall well-being and it may offer a new approach to confront complex health disparities.
Tpurchase and land use control powers appears to be increasing worldwide as competition for space increases. The need for large and relatively undeveloped areas of land for agriculture and conservation purposes often competes with the need for shelter and the commercial and industrial development accompanying such development for employment, the production and distribution of commodities, and other largely urban uses. The free market does not alwayssome would say oftenresult in a logical and equitable distribution of land uses and attendant public facilities necessary to serve the use of land. One function of government is therefore: (1) to regulate the use of private land for the health, safety and welfare of its citizens; and (2) to help provide roads, water, sanitation, and other public facilities, as well as schools, parks and airports, etc. Accomplishing the former is generally done in accordance with some form or level of plan. Accomplishing the latter often requires the exercise of compulsory purchase powers, providing public land or interests in land in order to construct such public facilities or infrastructure.
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