Human demography research in grounded on the information derived from ancient DNA and archaeology. For example, the study on the early postglacial dual-route colonisation of the Scandinavian Peninsula is largely based on associating genomic data with the early dispersal of lithic technology from the East European Plain. However, a clear connection between material culture and genetics has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate that direct connection by analysing human DNA from chewed birch bark pitch mastics. These samples were discovered at Huseby Klev in western Sweden, a Mesolithic site with eastern lithic technology. We generated genome-wide data for three individuals, and show their affinity to the Scandinavian hunter–gatherers. Our samples date to 9880-9540 calBP, expanding the temporal range and distribution of the early Scandinavian genetic group. We propose that DNA from ancient mastics can be used to study environment and ecology of prehistoric populations.

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The aim of this paper is to present a dynamic approach to material culture that may inform new perspectives on large-scale hunter-gatherer interactions and migrations within Early Holocene northern Eurasia. Recent analyses of technological aspects on a large geographical scale, challenge previous research hypotheses that derive the Mesolithic of Norway from a purely West European late Palaeolithic tradition, and highlights the existence of cultural traits which were shared by a wide range of hunter-gatherers within northern Eurasia in the Holocene. A new technological concept for lithic blade production, referred to as the conical core pressure blade concept, can be traced in the Norwegian archaeological record from the Preboreal/Boreal transition. It is suggested that the introduction of the concept represents the first migration of people and technological knowledge from the eastern Russian plains and the Baltic into the north-westernmost part of Europe. Yet, there have been few attempts to discuss the Norwegian archaeological record in relation to such an eastern cultural tradition. In the following exploration of how the hypothesis relates to the Norwegian archaeological record, results from technological analysis of previously only preliminarily surveyed blade assemblages from southeastern Norway will be presented and discussed against conceptions of the principles of technological transmission and change.

Summary A long‐standing debate in archaeology concerns the sources of technological diversification among prehistoric hunter‐gatherers. This includes the study of the emergence and spread of pressure blade technology in Northern Europe during the Early Holocene. Until now, there has been little technological study of lithic collections from the East Baltic region, and our knowledge of the development and spread of this technology in the area is inadequate. This article presents for the first time a technological analysis of lithic assemblages from seven Early and Middle Mesolithic sites in the territory of present‐day Latvia, offering new possibilities for discussing pressure blade technology and research objectives connected with it. Furthermore, variation in elements of this technology is explored in relation to raw‐material characteristics through experimental flint knapping. Finally, the factors influencing diversity in craft traditions, as well as large‐scale communication and shifting spheres of interaction within Northern Europe during the Mesolithic, are discussed.

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Det må ikke kopieres fra denne boken i strid med åndsverkloven eller fotografi loven eller i strid med avtaler inngått av KOPINOR, interesseorgan for rettighetshavere til åndsverk. Undersøkelsesmetode og -strategiSteinar Solheim 31 5. Naturvitenskapelige analyser Steinar Solheim 42 6. Digital dokumentasjon Dag Erik Faerø Olsen 49 7. Funnbearbeiding, katalogiseringsmaler og analysemuligheter Lucia Uchermann Koxvold 51 8. Formidling Anja Mansrud 54 9. Hovland 5 -En mellommesolittisk lokalitet med spor etter økseproduksjon Anja Mansrud og Lucia Uchermann Koxvold 57 10. Hovland 2 -En mellommesolittisk lokalitet med flere opphold og et råstoffdepot Lucia Uchermann Koxvold 78 11. Nordby 1 -Et kort opphold i mellommesolitikum Dag Erik Faerø Olsen 105 12. Nordby 2 -Fem funnkonsentrasjoner fra mellommesolitikum Lucia Uchermann Koxvold 115 13. Hovland 4 -Mellommesolittisk lokalitet med fire funnkonsentrasjoner og ti strukturer Anja Mansrud 143 14. Hovland 1 -En boplass fra mellommesolitikum Dag Erik Faerø Olsen 171 15. Hovland 3 -Mellommesolittisk boplass med hyttetuft Steinar Solheim og Dag Erik Faerø Olsen 198 16. Torstvet -Et kortvarig opphold i mellommesolitikum Anja Mansrud 236 17. Sammenfatning av resultater og trender i det arkeologiske materialet Steinar Solheim 255 18. E18-lokalitetenes relasjonelle struktur Steinar Solheim 276 19. Intern boplassorganisering Steinar Solheim 283 20. English summary E18 Bommestad-Sky Steinar Solheim and Hege Damlien 304 Litteratur 306 Forfattere 319 65 4274 MM 1200 m 2 2012 150578 C58448 Hovland 5 70 3177 MM 377 m 2012 Reguleringsplan Registrert areal Planlagt undersøkt volum (m 3 ) Planlagt undersøkt areal, lag 1 (m 2 ) Planlagt undersøkt areal, % Dagsverk, feltpersonell Vegtraseen (5825)/1644

The earliest settlement of Latvia occurred at the very end of the Late Glacial, after the retreat of the ice sheet. Important evidence of this earliest occupation is the well-known site Salaspils Laukskola. Previous research has focused on the typological aspects of this assemblage, and the use of lithic raw materials, suggesting an affiliation to the Swidry tradition. However, a wider technological perspective on this assemblage comprising a rich lithic inventory has recently proven fruitful. We present a detailed new technological analysis of the Laukskola assemblage, as well as five small lithic assemblages from Latvia based on a chaîne opératoire approach. While supporting the Swidry connection, this allows for a renewed discussion of the Final Palaeolithic settlement of Latvia, and its relationship with adjacent areas of northeast Europe.