Purpose: Nurses experience burnout related to various factors. For this descriptive research job stress, compassion satisfaction, and compassion fatigue were examined as to their relationship to burnout in nurses from children's hospital. Methods: The participants were 305 nurses working in children's hospital. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure job stress, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout. Results: Nurses in children's hospital experienced a greater than moderate degree of job stress, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout, whereas differences existed according to general characteristics. Job stress, compassion fatigue and burnout showed a significant positive correlation and results of compassion fatigue and burnout were similar. Also, job stress, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue were associated with burnout in nurses working in children's hospital. Conclusion: Findings indicate that as longer work experience is accompanied by higher job stress and burnout, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to reduce burnout among career nurses exposed to greater job stress in children's hospital.
Background: A variety of clinically important pathogens have developed multidrug resistance (MDR), which threatens global public health. This study aimed to determine the incidence, patterns, and trends of MDR of gram-negative bacterial isolates in clinical specimens in the Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed gram-negative bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results of patients who visited the Tamale Teaching Hospital laboratory between 2017 and 2019. Results: A total of 2,779 gram-negative bacterial isolates and their phenotypic AST results were analyzed. From these, 1,297 gram-negative bacteria (46.7%) were isolated from urine samples, while the rest were isolated from sputum (20.9%), wound (14.3%), and swabs (11.7%) samples, etc. Escherichia coli (23.8%) was the most common gram-negative pathogen found predominantly in the urine samples (33.2%). All gram-negative bacteria isolated between 2017 and 2019 showed high MDR. Klebsiella pneumoniae gradually increased its MDR from 84.0% in 2017, 89.5% in 2018, to 95.1% in 2019. On the other hand, the MDR rates in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were approximately 65.8%, varying from 59.5% in 2017 to 78.7% in 2019. Among tested antimicrobials, amikacin was the most effective. Resistance to amikacin in Enterobacter spp., E. coli, and K. pneumoniae in vitro were 16.2%, 11.8%, and 17.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The study has shown that the high levels of MDR in gram-negative bacteria isolated may be associated with the infections recorded at the Tamale Teaching Hospital. The major gram-negative pathogens isolated have resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones. Aminoglycosides can offer high antibiotic activity to overcome gramnegative bacterial resistance. Further studies will be needed to decide policy direction on infection prevention and control, and antimicrobial stewardship programs.
tients who receive inadequate antimicrobial treatment [1]. The case fatality rate for bacteremia is 30-40% [2]. In Korea, bacteremia caused by major antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, especially among patients hospitalized in intensive care units, has a high incidence [3, 4]. Furthermore, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii have been on the rise [5-7]. Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results are important for the selection of suitable anti-bacterial treatments for bacteremia. The main problem with current AST methods is the long turnaround time (TAT). In most cases, conducting AST requires overnight incubation and usually requires 48-72 hours to complete, depending on the drug-organism combination [8].
tion of NK cells and mainly involves peripheral blood, bone marrow (BM), the liver, and the spleen. It is rare but more prevalent in Asians than in other ethnic populations [1]. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is commonly found in leukemic cells in patients with ANKL, suggesting an association between EBV and the pathogenesis of ANKL [2]. In patients with ANKL, various chromosomal abnormalities such as del(6)(q21q25) or del(11q) can be detected [3]. Here, we report a case of a patient with ANKL and a novel RAB29-NUCKS1 rearrangement. This work was approved by the institutional review board of Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Korea (IRB no. 9-2021-0189).
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