The synthesized graphene oxide ink was printed on FET biosensor for specific bio-sensing of DNA and CTCs.
BackgroundMultimodal nanomaterials are useful for providing enhanced diagnostic information simultaneously for a variety of in vivo imaging methods. According to our research findings, these multimodal nanomaterials offer promising applications for cancer therapy.ResultsMelanin nanoparticles can be used as a platform imaging material and they can be simply produced by complexation with various imaging active ions. They are capable of specifically targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing cancer cells by being anchored with a specific antibody. Ion-doped melanin nanoparticles were found to have high bioavailability with long-term stability in solution, without any cytotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo systems.ConclusionBy combining different imaging modalities with melanin particles, we can use the complexes to obtain faster diagnoses by computed tomography deep-body imaging and greater detailed pathological diagnostic information by magnetic resonance imaging. The ion-doped melanin nanoparticles also have applications for radio-diagnostic treatment and radio imaging-guided surgery, warranting further proof of concept experimental. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0304-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
242 wileyonlinelibrary.com www.particle-journal.com www.MaterialsViews.com COMMUNICATION therapeutic agents and deliver these agents to the desired location after specifi c targeting.MNPs can accelerate the spin-spin relaxation of adjacent water molecules, resulting in the faster decay of 1 H NMR signals. The size or chemical composition of MNPs is optimized to increase the transverse relaxivity ( r 2 ), because high r 2 values are desirable as they can improve the magnetic detection or imaging sensitivity in magnetic resonance-based applications. The r 2 value is proportional to the size ( d ) and saturated mag-2 ) of MNPs. [ 6 ] The silica shell with amorphous structure coating is expected to improve the safety of the metal oxide particles, but the shell decreases the r 2 value because it decreases the number of water molecules around the magnetic fi eld from the MNP core.In this study, to overcome safety problems and the decreasing r 2 , mesoporous silica ( m SiO 2 ) material was utilized to form a shell around the MNP. The shell possesses a suffi cient number of water molecules inside the pores near the core particles to minimize the decrease in magnetic relaxivity for magnetic applications. [ 7 ] In terms of therapeutics, the mesoporous shell structure can provide suffi cient space for the incorporation of therapeutic agents and the controlled release by adjusting the pH.Generally, the particle surface should be fabricated with hydrophilic moiety as is used for polyethylene glycols (PEGs). This is because an amorphous or mesoporous silica shellcoated MNP does not exhibit long-term solution stability under aqueous solutions, particularly in neutral buffer solutions. [ 8 ] A liposomal formulation with biocompatible phospholipid chemicals was introduced to the magnetic core-shell nanoparticle after encapsulation of the chemical drugs and the therapeutic genes ( Figure S1, Supporting Information, MagLipo). [ 9 ] Additionally, for cancer targeting, a cancer specifi c antibody was anchored onto the thiol reactive (maleimide chemical functional group) MagLipo particle surface based on simple bio-conjugation chemistry (see the Experimental Section). [ 10 ] Briefl y, a 16 nm (diameter) iron oxide nanoparticle with a regular size distribution was synthesized using the seedgrowing method. [ 11 ] The MNP was characterized as having a typical ferrite spinel structure, and powder X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry revealed that the MNP had a high M s (95 emu per g [Fe]) with superparamagnetism ( Figure 1 A and Figure S2, Supporting Information). To determine the magnetic relaxivity of MNP, the particle was dispersed in H 2 O after being treated with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) chemicals and the bare 16 nm MNP was found to have r 2 = 286 m M −1 S −1 by time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, Minispec mq20, 0.47 T, Bruker, Billerica, MA, Nanoparticles with multifunctional abilities have been studied for diagnostic or therapeutic applications. [ 1 ] The technology, particularly imaging-gu...
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles contained in a shell of mesoporous silica provide a means for magnetic imaging and pH‐sensitive drug delivery. On page 242 Y.‐S. Cho, H. S. Shin, T.‐J. Yoon and co‐workers describe successful stabilization of such a theranostic system in liposomes that are anchored to cancer‐specific antibodies. Cancer therapy will profit from this highly selective system that offers imaging‐guided drug delivery.
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