Issues and challenges for pedestrian active safety systems based on real world accidents
2Issues and challenges for pedestrian active safety systems based on real world accidents Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze real crashes involving pedestrians in order to evaluate the potential effectiveness of Autonomous Emergency Braking systems (AEB) in pedestrian protection. A sample of 100 real accident cases were reconstructed providing a comprehensive set of data describing the interaction between the vehicle, the environment and the pedestrian all along the scenario of the accident. A generic AEB system based on a camera sensor for pedestrian detection was modeled in order to identify the functionality of its different attributes in the timeline of each crash scenario. These attributes were assessed to determine their impact on pedestrian safety. The influence of the detection and the activation of the AEB system were explored by varying the Field Of View (FOV) of the sensor and the level of deceleration. A FOV of 35° was estimated to be required to detect and react to the majority of crash scenarios. For the reaction of a system (from hazard detection to triggering the brakes), between 0,5 and 1s appears necessary.
The enhancement of pedestrian safety represents a major challenge in traffic accidents. This study allows a better understanding of the issues in pedestrian protection. It highlights the potential of in-depth accident studies for identifying relevant crash parameters in the pedestrian active safety. A computational simulation tool was developed to reconstruct 100 pedestrian real-world crashes. Two of them are detailed to illustrate the methodology. A description of the complete sample is then presented which highlights the major factors affecting the detection of the pedestrian. These main factors concern the travel and impact speed of the vehicle, the pedestrian trajectory and his walking speed, the scene configuration with obstacles and the weather conditions. In particular, it has been shown that one second before the impact, only 30% of pedestrian are located in front of the car and 90% of them are less than 20 m from the front of car
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