RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el valor nutritivo del forraje de mijo perla cosechado en diferentes estados fenológicos. El estudio se realizó en condiciones de riego con la variedad ICMV-221 de doble propósito, del que se tomaron muestras en cuatro estados fenológicos: H7) séptima hoja, HB) hoja bandera o última hoja, E) embuche y F) floración. Las muestras se analizaron por NIRS (near infrared spectroscopy) para determinar su contenido de nutrientes y los resultados se analizaron por medio de análisis de varianza dentro de un modelo completamente al azar. El contenido de materia orgánica se incrementó con la madurez (P<0.003), mientras que el contenido de proteína cruda fue mayor (P<0.005) en el estado de séptima hoja. El contenido de carbohidratos no fibrosos no mostró cambios significativos debidos a la edad de la planta (P>0.05), mientras el de fibra detergente neutra (FDN) fue similar (P>0.05) en los cuatro estados fenológicos y el de fibra detergente ácida (FDA) aumentó del estado de H7 al estado de F (P<0.008). El contenido de lignina (P<0.06) y el de lignina ligada a FDN (P<0.05) se elevaron con la edad. La digestibilidad de la materia seca disminuyó (P<0.0005) con la edad de 81.7 % en H7 a 69.0 % en F. Los contenidos de energía tendieron a reducirse con la madurez, aunque no en forma significativa (P>0.05). Se concluye que la edad del forraje de mijo perla al momento del corte afectó significativamente la mayoría de las variables de valor nutritivo estudiadas, siendo los forrajes más tiernos los que mostraron mejores características forrajeras. ABSTRACT The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the nutritive value of pearl millet forage harvested at different maturity states. The study was made under watering conditions with ICMV-221 two purposes variety. Four samples were taken at each four maturity states: (LS) leaf 7 th , (FL) flag leaf, (BS) boot stage, and (F) flowering. The samples were analyzed by NIRS (near infrared spectroscopy) to determine the nutrients content and results were subjected to analysis of variance into complete randomly model. Organic matter content increased with maturity (P<0.003), while crude protein content was higher (P<0.005) in LS. Non fiber carbohydrates did not show significant changes (P>0.05) with maturity. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was similar (P>0.05) in the four maturity stages, but acid detergent fiber (ADF) content increased (P<0.008) from LS to F stage. Lignin and lignin linked to NDF increased (P<0.05) with age. Dry matter digestibility was reduced (P<0.0005) with age from 81.7 % in LS to 69.0 % in F stage. Energy contents tend to reduce with maturity of forage, but not significant differences were detected (P>0.05). Results indicated that age of pearl millet forage at harvest affected in a significant way almost all parameters of nutritive value. Younger forages showed the best nutritive characteristics.
Tillandsia recurvata (Linnaeus) Linnaeus is an epiphyte that causes damage or death in trees. It is possible that the ruminant animals under extensive conditions can contribute to its control. The aim of the study was to determine the chemical and mineral value of Tillandsia recurvata (TR). An experiment was conducted at three different ecological environments during the four different seasons of the year in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. In each ecological environment, four samples of TR grown in mesquite trees (Prosopis spp.) were taken at four different season of the year to determine chemical content. Additionally, one more sample was taken to determine mineral content. Both the ecological environment and the season of the year affected (P<.001) the chemical and mineral content. However, according to the analyses, some mineral levels seem to be high and might compromise the health and consequently the animal production. In conclusion, TR has nutritional and mineral characteristics to be considered as a potential food source for ruminants at any time of the year. However, further research is needed to elucidate if TR can be included in the diet of ruminants in northern Mexico without compromising the health and the production.
RESUMENEl objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el valor nutritivo del forraje de mijo perla cosechado en diferentes estados fenológicos. El estudio se realizó en condiciones de riego con la variedad ICMV-221 de doble propósito, del que se tomaron muestras en cuatro estados fenológicos: H7) séptima hoja, HB) hoja bandera o última hoja, E) embuche y F) floración. Las muestras se analizaron por NIRS (near infrared spectroscopy) para determinar su contenido de nutrientes y los resultados se analizaron por medio de análisis de varianza dentro de un modelo completamente al azar. El contenido de materia orgánica se incrementó con la madurez (P<0.003), mientras que el contenido de proteína cruda fue mayor (P<0.005) en el estado de séptima hoja. El contenido de carbohidratos no fibrosos no mostró cambios significativos debidos a la edad de la planta (P>0.05), mientras el de fibra detergente neutra (FDN) fue similar (P>0.05) en los cuatro estados fenológicos y el de fibra detergente ácida (FDA) aumentó del estado de H7 al estado de F (P<0.008). El contenido de lignina (P<0.06) y el de lignina ligada a FDN (P<0.05) se elevaron con la edad. La digestibilidad de la materia seca disminuyó (P<0.0005) con la edad de 81.7 % en H7 a 69.0 % en F. Los contenidos de energía tendieron a reducirse con la madurez, aunque no en forma significativa (P>0.05). Se concluye que la edad del forraje de mijo perla al momento del corte afectó significativamente la mayoría de las variables de valor nutritivo estudiadas, siendo los forrajes más tiernos los que mostraron mejores características forrajeras. PALABRAS CLAVE: Forraje, Mijo Perla, Valor nutritivo, Estados fenológicos. ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted in order to evaluate the nutritive value of pearl millet forage harvested at different maturity states. The study was made under watering conditions with ICMV-221 two purposes variety. Four samples were taken at each four maturity states: (LS) leaf 7 th , (FL) flag leaf, (BS) boot stage, and (F) flowering. The samples were analyzed by NIRS (near infrared spectroscopy) to determine the nutrients content and results were subjected to analysis of variance into complete randomly model. Organic matter content increased with maturity (P<0.003), while crude protein content was higher (P<0.005) in LS. Non fiber carbohydrates did not show significant changes (P>0.05) with maturity. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was similar (P>0.05) in the four maturity stages, but acid detergent fiber (ADF) content increased (P<0.008) from LS to F stage. Lignin and lignin linked to NDF increased (P<0.05) with age. Dry matter digestibility was reduced (P<0.0005) with age from 81.7 % in LS to 69.0 % in F stage. Energy contents tend to reduce with maturity of forage, but not significant differences were detected (P>0.05). Results indicated that age of pearl millet forage at harvest affected in a significant way almost all parameters of nutritive value. Younger forages showed the best nutritive characteristics.
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