SummaryEntomophthoromycosis is a rare fungal infection that may affect immunocompetent hosts; predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, the importance of this emerging mycosis has increased and the scope of its manifestations has been expanded. These manifestations; however, may masquerade as other clinical entities. Prompt diagnosis of this infection requires a high index of suspicion. Although histopathological examination and cultures are the gold standard diagnostic tools; molecular diagnosis is now available and started to play an important role. The cornerstone treatment is prolonged anti-fungal therapy along with surgical debridement. More awareness of this mycosis is warranted for definitive diagnosis and implementation of early proper therapeutic strategies.

The use of suboptimal concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and didecyldimonium chloride can lead to the evolution of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas strains.

Perianal dermatitis is a common problem occurring among infants and children. Streptococci, particularly beta-hemolytic group A organisms, play a major role in its causation. An epidemiologic association between perianal dermatitis caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in some patients and pharyngeal colonization with the same organisms seems to exist. A similar relation is also true for other organisms, including non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. This was the main conclusion of a hospital-based study performed on 150 children with perianal dermatitis. All patients were subjected to a questionnaire, clinical examination, two perianal swabs, and two throat swabs. The bacteriologic examination of the perianal swabs revealed the presence of beta-hemolytic streptococci in 35.3% of the cases, half of which were of the group A beta-hemolytic strain (17.3%) and half of which were non-group A (18%). Throat swabs revealed the presence of beta-hemolytic streptococci in 44% of cases, half of which were found to belong to group A (21.3%) and half to non-group A (22.7%). Among patients with perianal dermatitis caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, 53.8% had associated pharyngeal colonization by the same organism. S. aureus was isolated from the perianal skin in five patients (3.4%); in four of whom the same organism also grew in cultures from throat swabs. A relatively good association between pharyngeal colonization by beta-hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococci and the presence of perianal dermatitis caused by the same organisms was demonstrated using the Kappa test of agreement (K = 0.4).

A case of disseminated cryptococcosis in an HIV-negative patient presenting with cutaneous lesions is described for the first time in Egypt. The patient, a 16-year-old male, presented with cough, expectoration, loss of weight, and cutaneous lesions, mainly on the face and trunk. The lesions consisted of vegetating crusted plaques discharging purulent to sanguinous fluid and flattened, shiny, erythematous to brownish plaques. Anorexia, headache and personality changes soon followed. Histopathological examination of lesions was highly suggestive of a deep mycosis, particularly cryptococcosis. The fulminant disease advanced with central nervous system involvement. The progression was not arrested when systemic antifungal therapy was administered late in the disease course. Pathological examination of lungs, liver, pancreas and spleen revealed disseminated infection with no evidence of other underlying pathology. Disseminated cryptococcosis is a morbid infection, rare in an area where heightened awareness and raised index of suspicion will surely allow earlier diagnosis, management and better prognosis.

Background: it's well known that diabetic patients are more prone to infection. In these patients, chronic infections are frequent and severe due to impairment of their immune system. The relationship between H. pylori infection and diabetes mellitus have shown in some studies but the relationships remain controversial. Aim of The study: was to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori) among diabetic patients (type1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus) and the relation of H. pylori infection to gastrointestinal (GI) complications in diabetics. Subjects and methods: the study included 100 subjects were divided into 2 groups. Group I 50 patients with diabetes mellitus and have dyspeptic symptoms, group II 50 non-diabetic with dyspeptic symptoms. This is a case and control study comparison of diabetic and non-diabetic groups. The study was conducted at Police Hospital Cairo during the period from (January-December 2012). Methods: H. pylori were assessed by H. pylori stool antigen (HpSAg) test among diabetic and non-diabetic group. Results: a positive cases for H. pylori infection by (HpSAg) test was 61.1% in type 1 diabetic patients and 65.6% in type 2 diabetic patients compared to 50% of the non-diabetic group (p 0.36) non significant (N.S). The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in H. pylori positive diabetic patients as regarding dyspepsia (62.5%), early satiety (56.25%), heart burn (62.5%), bloating (25%), diarrhea (15.63%), constipation (25%), nausea (43.75%), vomiting (9.38%) and abdominal pain (53.13%), but by comparison with negative diabetic group these was statistically insignificant. Glycosylated Hb (HBA1c) was higher among positive cases, but yet not significant, (p 0.07). Also, FBS (p 0.08) and PPBS (p 0.1) were not significant. The Presence of H. pylori not associated with increase duration of diabetes. The mean age of diabetic patients positive for H. pylori was 48.750±11.09 years compared to 40.167±12.76 years in diabetic patients negative for H. pylori infection (p 0.017) significant (s). Age and BMI was higher among those positive for H. pylori in studied cases. Conclusion: the study reported no significant association between H. pylori infection and the prevalence of diabetes, but there is a borderline increased risk for H. pylori infection in diabetic among participants with a BMI greater than 25 kg/m².