The numerical models have effective and necessary tools for rivers hydrological and morphological studies. Numerical models are useful when results are required on scales applicable for hydrological and morphological changes, where velocity and water depth distributions are significant especially in river reaches. In the present study, two well-known hydraulic models are used to simulate the River Nile hydraulics and morphological changes. A sensitivity analysis is carried out for the two models to investigate the features and disadvantages of each model and give recommendations for their further applications. The performance analysis depends on field survey data and simulations. The two models are the SMS modules (FESWMS) model and the (Delft3D) model. The field data were collected for a study reach of 12 km which is located between km 633 to km 645, measured from El-Roda gauge station. The data included geometric and hydraulic data, that were gathered for calibration and validation of the models. The results indicated that both the SMS module and (Delft3D) model predicted the water surface elevations quite well. The sensitivity analysis showed that (Delft3D) model was more logical to mesh resolution than the SMS module and SMS model presented a better fit for the hydraulic variables. However, Delft3D presented a better fit for velocity and morphological changes.
Intakes for water plants are at risk of closing down because of sudden pollution accidents. The early warning system will enable authorities to take the necessary action to secure safe water for the water plant. This research will discuss the development approach to protecting the areas in the vicinity of the surface water intake which are known as Intake Protection Zones (IPZs) and determined IPZs according to the different vulnerability classes. The Delft3D model was used to define and delineate the (IPZs). It estimates the travel time for hypothetical contaminants by using particle tracing analyses for different scenarios of flow. The vulnerability score maps were established using the Geographical Information System (GIS) application for the delimitation of (IPZs). The combination of the field measurements, and the numerical model, to develop an early warning system by (GIS) is an effective tool for defining the protection zones scheme and becomes a vital tool for decision-makers to open or close the intake with spilled pollution or harmful water supply.
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