Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections and Gram negative bacteria are among the most prevalent bacteria detected from UTI patients. E. coli is the most common organism causing both community as well as hospital acquired UTI. The high incidence of UTIs in the general population, the potential for complications, and the associated costs of treatments emphasize the importance of appropriate antibiotic therapy. The resistance rates of uropathogenic E. coli to various antibiotics have been reported as beta-lactams, trimoxazole, quinolones, gentamicin, amikacin, cefuroxime, nalidixic acid
According to WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard, as of 11 th February 2022, there have been 404,910,528 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 5,783,776 deaths. Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent. It is caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the disease may cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), that increases the susceptibility of co-infections with fungi. Acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS) is a severe infection mostly affecting immune-compromised patients and carries high risk of mortality. COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU have risk factors for AIFS, mainly chronic diseases of the respiratory tract, treatment with corticosteroid, intubation/mechanical ventilation, and cytokine storm. Aspergillus and Mucorales are the causative fungi of most AIFS cases, but other atypical fungi can be involved especially among patients receiving azole prophylaxis. Most AIFS cases have symptoms like fever, nasal congestion, and facial swelling. Diagnosis of AIFS is made by endoscopy and radiology associated with clinical examination. The gold standard test for diagnosis of AIFS is histopathology, though pan-fungal PCR plays an important role.
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