Objective: The aim of this study was to examine caregiver perceptions of summertime neighborhood-level environmental barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and active living in their elementary-age racial minority children. Methods: Caregivers with students in the prekindergarten–fifth grade were recruited from two schools located in low-income urban neighborhoods of Columbus, OH, with a predominantly Black population. Participants engaged in the research portion of the Healthy Eating Active Living: Mapping Attribute using Participatory Photographic Surveys (HEALth MAPPSTM) protocol, which included (1) orientation; (2) photographing and geotagging facilitators and barriers to HEALth on daily routes; (3) in-depth interview (IDI) discussing images and routes taken; (4) focus groups (FG). IDIs and FGs were transcribed verbatim. Analyses were guided by grounded theory and interpretive phenomenology and were coded by researchers (n = 3), who used comparative analysis to develop a codebook and determine major themes. Results: A total of 10 caregivers enrolled and 9 completed the IDIs. Five caregivers participated in focus groups. A majority (77.8%, n = 7) of caregivers identified as Black, female (88.9%, n = 8), and low income (55.6%, n = 5). IDI and FG themes included (1) walkway infrastructure crucial for healthy eating and active living; (2) scarce accessibility to healthy, affordable foods; (3) multiple abandoned properties; (4) unsafe activity near common neighborhood routes. Conclusions: Caregivers perceived multiple neighborhood-level barriers to healthy eating and activity during the summer months when school is closed. Findings from this study provide initial insights into environmental determinants of unhealthy summer weight gain in a sample of predominantly racial minority school-age children from low-income households.
Purpose: Nutrition care guidelines for the transgender population do not exist, despite significant nutritionrelated clinical and psychosocial considerations. Social networking sites (SNSs) provide multidirectional communication and have expanded in popularity among transgender users as a resource for health information and support. The nature of the content shared among the online transgender community is unknown, but may suggest the nutrition-related areas that are of most importance to the transgender population. The objective of this qualitative netnography was to describe the food and nutrition messages shared among the transgender community using video blogs (vlogs) on the SNS, YouTube. Methods: Public vlogs were assessed using the constant comparative method. Pseudoquantitative methods were used to capture the prevalence of each subtheme; quotes were documented verbatim. Data were collected from transgender users' public vlogs (n = 30) self-published on YouTube from 2013 to 2018. Results: Six major themes were generated from the data analysis. These included the following: functions of diet and exercise; diet and exercise philosophies; ''how to'' vlogs; advice for success; using dietary supplements; and effects of hormone therapy. Conclusions: Nutrition-related messages are widely shared among the online transgender community through YouTube. The identified themes reflect topics of interest and expressed needs of transgender individuals. SNSs provide health care providers with a platform to improve patient education and health literacy. Health care providers may actively engage in online discussions to build trust, answer questions, and provide a source of accurate and evidence-based information. Social media as a health information resourceThe transgender population faces several barriers to adequate health care, including discrimination, lack of trained providers, financial constraints, and
Long-term agricultural sustainability is dependent in part on our capacity to provide productive, nutritious crops that minimize the negative impacts of agriculture on the landscape. Perennial grains within an agroforestry context offers one solution: These plants produce large root systems that reduce soil erosion and simultaneously have the potential to produce nutrients to combat malnutrition. However, nutrient compositions of wild, perennial, herbaceous species, such as those related to the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) are not well known. In this study, seed ion and amino acid concentrations of perennial and annual Phaseolus species were quantified using ionomics and mass spectrometry. No statistical difference was observed for Zn, toxic ions (e.g., As) or essential amino acid concentrations (except threonine) between perennial and annual Phaseolus species. However, differences were observed for some nutritionally important ions. For example, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and P concentrations were higher in annual species; further, ion and amino acid concentrations appear to be largely independent of each other. These results suggest variability in ion and amino acid concentrations exist in Phaseolus. As new crop candidates are considered for ecological services, nutritional quality should be optimized to maximize nutrient output of sustainable food crops.
Objectives The summer is a window of risk for unhealthy weight gain in elementary school-aged children, however little is known about older school-aged children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine weight status among a nationally representative sample of middle and high schoolers during the summertime compared to the school year. Methods Data from the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. Participants included individuals aged ≤18 years in grades 5 through 12. A two-group analysis was conducted based on data collection time period, i.e., the school year (November through April) and summer (May through October). A descriptive analysis – means and frequencies - of demographic characteristics, including sex, age (years), race/ethnicity, income (lower-income [family income ≤ 185% of the federal poverty line (FPL)] and non-lower-income [family income > 185% FPL]), as well as weight status (BMI z-score [zBMI]), was conducted and ttests and Chi2 were used to compare summer vs. school groups. Multiple linear regression was utilized to compare mean zBMI of participants by summer vs. school group controlling for race/ethnicity and income. All analyses were conducted for both age groups: 1) middle (grades 5–8) and 2) high school (grades 9–12). Results Participants included 881 middle and 716 high schoolers. Middle schoolers were 13.82 ± 0.04 years (mean), 48.24% (n = 425) female, and had a mean zBMI of 0.72 ± 0.04. High schoolers were 16.58 ± 0.03 years (mean), 50.42%(n = 361) female, and had a mean zBMI of 0.67 ± 0.04. Middle schooler zBMI was lower (−0.14 ± 0.08 (P = 0.07) and high schooler zBMI was higher (0.08 ± 0.09 (P = 0.40) in the summer vs. school year groups. Conclusions Preliminary data from this study demonstrate that high schoolers, but not middle schoolers are at risk for weight gain during the summertime when school is out of session. Future research is needed confirm findings from this study. Funding Sources None.
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