Neural recordings in humans using invasive devices can elucidate the circuits underlying brain disorders, but have so far been limited to short recordings from externalized brain leads in a hospital setting or from implanted sensing devices that provide only intermittent, brief streaming of time series data. Here we report the use of an implantable two-way neural interface for wireless, multichannel streaming of field potentials in five patients with Parkinson’s disease for up to 15 months after implantation. Bilateral 4-channel motor cortex and basal ganglia field potentials streamed at home for over 2,600 hours were paired with behavioral data from wearable monitors for the neural decoding of states of inadequate or excessive movement. We validated patient-specific neurophysiological biomarkers during normal daily activities and used those patterns for adaptive deep brain stimulation. This technological approach may be widely applicable to brain disorders treatable by invasive neuromodulation.

In many organisms, master control genes coordinately regulate sex-specific aspects of development. SDC-2 was shown to induce hermaphrodite sexual differentiation and activate X chromosome dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis elegans. To control these distinct processes, SDC-2 acts as a strong gene-specific repressor and a weaker chromosome-wide repressor. To initiate hermaphrodite development, SDC-2 associates with the promoter of the male sex-determining gene her-1 to repress its transcription. To activate dosage compensation, SDC-2 triggers assembly of a specialized protein complex exclusively on hermaphrodite X chromosomes to reduce gene expression by half. SDC-2 can localize to X chromosomes without other components of the dosage compensation complex, suggesting that SDC-2 targets dosage compensation machinery to X chromosomes.

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