Serial chest radiography sensitivity for detection of novel 2019 coronavirus infection approaches chest CT, suggesting utility of chest radiography as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for COVID-19 patients. ABBREVIATIONS AUC (area under the curve), ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve), COVID-19 (novel coronavirus 2019 infection), COVID-19+ (positive for novel coronavirus 2019 infection), COVID-19-(negative for novel coronavirus 2019 infection), GGO (ground-glass opacity), DA (diffuse airspace opacity), IA (interstitial and airspace opacities), FN (false negative)

One of the limitations of performing percutaneous biopsies in patients with bone sarcomas is the small amount of tumor that can be obtained for research purposes. Here, we describe our experience developing patient‐derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) using percutaneous tumor biopsies in children with bone sarcomas. We generated 14 bone sarcoma PDXs from percutaneous tumor biopsies. We also developed eight bone sarcoma PDXs from surgical resection of primary bone tumors and pulmonary metastases. A multidisciplinary team approach was critical to establish an accurate diagnosis and to provide adequate tumor samples for PDX generation.

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Background:In pediatric liver transplant recipients, hepatic artery thrombosis and portal vein thrombosis are major causes of acute graft failure and mortality within 30 days of transplantation. There is, however, a strong possibility of graft salvage if flow can be re-established to reduce ischemic injury. The current standard treatment is surgical revascularization, and if unsuccessful, retransplantation.Due to our success in treating these complications with catheter-directed therapies, we sought to summarize and publish the outcomes of all patients who experienced hepatic artery thrombosis or portal vein thrombosis within 30 days of liver transplantation. Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 27 pediatric liver transplant recipients who experienced hepatic artery thrombosis (n = 13), portal vein thrombosis (n = 9), or both (n = 5) between September 2012 and March 2021. We collected and tabulated data on the patients and therapies performed to treat them, including success rates, primary and secondary patency, and clinical outcomes.Results: Among these patients, 6 were managed with anticoagulation and relisting for transplant and 21 had a primary revascularization attempt. Surgical recanalization was attempted in 7 patients of which 3 had successful recanalization (43%) and catheter-directed recanalization was attempted in 14 patients with 100% success in re-establishing blood flow to the graft. Additionally, patency was increased, and mortality was decreased in patients treated with catheter-directed recanalization compared to surgical revascularization or anticoagulation alone. Conclusion:This data illustrates the need to further investigate catheter-directed thrombolysis as a potential first-line treatment for postoperative HAT and PVT in pediatric liver transplant recipients. How to cite this article: Moreno NF, Hernandez JA, Huang C-S, et al. Our evolution in the treatment of hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis in pediatric liver transplantation: Success with catheter-directed therapies.

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