Neuromorphic electronics, which use artificial photosensitive synapses, can emulate biological nervous systems with in-memory sensing and computing abilities. Benefiting from multiple intra/interactions and strong light-matter coupling, two-dimensional heterostructures are promising synaptic materials for photonic synapses. Two primary strategies, including chemical vapor deposition and physical stacking, have been developed for layered heterostructures, but large-scale growth control over wet-chemical synthesis with comprehensive efficiency remains elusive. Here we demonstrate an interfacial coassembly heterobilayer films from perylene and graphene oxide (GO) precursors, which are spontaneously formed at the interface, with uniform bilayer structure of single-crystal perylene and well-stacked GO over centimeters in size. The planar heterostructure device exhibits an ultrahigh specific detectivity of 3.1 × 1013 Jones and ultralow energy consumption of 10−9 W as well as broadband photoperception from 365 to 1550 nm. Moreover, the device shows outstanding photonic synaptic behaviors with a paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) index of 214% in neuroplasticity, the heterosynapse array has the capability of information reinforcement learning and recognition.
With minimal defects, few grain boundaries, and high-performance optoelectronic characteristics, organic semiconductor nanocrystals (OSNCs) have emerged as promising solutions for miniaturized organic devices and related optoelectronic circuits. To realize this, it is crucial that the OSNCs should possess desired morphologies and unique optoelectronic attributions. After the planar π-conjugated building blocks, the steric bulky molecules with a three-dimensional (3D) framework enable the multiscale self-assembly architectures and superior charge storage properties, as well as high-performance optoelectronic applications, such as organic transistor memory, organic light-emitting diodes, organic lasers and organic photovoltaic cells. However, this type of 3D steric bulky molecule-based OSNCs are not easily to get, and molecular design principles must be developed. In this Review, recent advances in the efficient theories that have arose in building varied nanoarchitectures of 3D steric bulky molecule-based OSNCs, especially the 2D and 3D in morphology, are highlighted. The obtained steric OSNCs exhibited rich optoelectronic properties, including the charge storage, ion transmission, crystallization-enhanced emission, and so on. Further architectural optimization of the steric OSNCs to cater for optoelectronic device based on them is necessary to strive to develop this research direction.
Afterglow materials are of primary interest in optoelectronics and bioelectronics. Here, a long‐lived phosphorescence afterglow is reported from carboxylated carbon nanotubes (c‐CNTs) confined within boron oxynitride (BNO). The formation of covalent and hydrogen bonds in c‐CNT@BNO enhances the rigidity of the hybrid structure and alleviates the non‐radiative deactivation of excited triplet states, leading to room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP). The afterglow material exhibits an ultra‐long RTP lifetime of up to 476.6 ms, with an afterglow time of 4.0 s, distinguishable by naked eyes. This unprecedented feature makes c‐CNT act like a light‐sensitive neuron and it is possible to achieve memorizing−forgetting behavior in the form of optical memory plasticity, owing to photons’ capture‐and‐slow‐release process. In analogy to the biological brain, both memory strength and forgetting time are proportional to learning exercise, including the intensity and time of irradiation training. The study provides an effective protocol for the synthesis of afterglow nanomaterials, extending their application to brain‐like intelligent technology.
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