Ultrasonic treatment of KOCC was tried to explore the possibility for improvement of KOCC quality as a raw material for making industrial packaging paper and paperboard. The effect of pH, stock consistencies and treatment times on the ultrasonic response of KOCC were investigated. WRV, apparent density, tensile index and burst index were improved as pH of KOCC slurry is increased. However highest tear index and stiffness were obtained at pH 8. It was also found that the highest WRV and strength properties could be obtained at 0.5% of KOCC consistency during ultrasonic treatment. WRV and most strength properties were improved with ultrasonic treatment time. It was found that ultrasonic treatment can be used as a useful mean for KOCC modificaton.
Massive fracturing technology can form a complex fracture network and a large drainage area by multi-stage/multi-cluster perforation and injection of low viscosity fluids such as silckwater.the traditional bi-wing planar model is not applicable in the simulation of massive fracturing, and a new network model is needed. The pseudo-three-dimension (P3D) Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) model are based on self-similar solution methodology, and the fracture characteristics are then calculated numerically. we performed a comparison between DFN model and Cluster Facture model through the integration of rock mechanics, well logging and micro seismic detection technology. After the mini-fracture analysis and closure analysis, parameters like instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP), closure pressure and reservoir permeability were obtained. Based on these parameters, pressure history match and SRV match were performed, the result shows that DFN model works better than the Cluster Fracture model in the matching. The research proves the feasibility of DFN model in the simulation of massive fracturing in tight oil reservoirs.
Conductivity of acid etched fractures is the decisive factor of results of acidizing treatment. At present, tests for etched fracture conductivity are in all cases executed using fresh acid under fixed experimental conditions, which determines that the test results can only capture fracture conductivity of the near-wellbore zone. This paper investigates fracture conductivity in cases of varied acid concentrations, temperatures, fracture widths and flow velocities along the fracture length direction, via the parameter-variable experiment for fracture conductivity. Results show that the combined changes of acid concentrations, fracture widths and injection rates have considerable impacts upon the conductivity distribution of etched fractures along the fracture length. Maximum etched fracture conductivity occurs within a certain distance from the wellbore. Variation of acid concentration along the fracture length is the main reason for changes in fracture conductivity, while variations in fracture widths and acid flow velocities may greatly reduce the effective etching length of the etched fracture.
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