Background: Saliva is a fluid secreted by the salivary glands and it is divided in to serous and mucus components. Despite its physiological roles in lubricating the oral cavity and digestion, it also acts as a simple diagnostic tool reflecting body's systemic diseases. The aim of the present study is to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in saliva and serum of apparently healthy individuals and to find if there is an association between dental caries, periodontal disease and salivary MDA. Subject and Methods: This cross sectional study involved sixty fourparticipants who were medical students attending Duhok College of Medicine. Clinical information and all relevant data were obtained according to a questionnaire. Both salivary and serum MDA levels were measured manually in unstimulated saliva and sera of participants using Thiobarbuturic acid method. Results: Malondialdehyde is measurable in saliva of apparently healthy individuals and was significantly lower than serum MDA level (p<0.001). There was a statistically highly significant positive correlation between both salivary and serum MDA levels (p=0.0007). Moreover, both Salivary and serum MDA levels were significantly positively correlated with weight and BMI (p=0.03, p=0.03 and p= 0.04 and 0.05) respectively. There were no significant correlations between salivary MDA with dental caries index (dmft score) and periodontal disease index. Conclusions: Based on the current results, salivary MDA is significantly positively correlated with serum MDA, weight and BMI. No significant association of salivary MDA with dental caries and periodontal disease were observed.
Background and Objectives: There is a series of physiological alterations that taken place during pregnancy as a result of gradual growth of the fetus. Among alterations that occur during pregnancy are changes in the lung volumes. In this study we aim to evaluate the pulmonary functions in pregnant women at the third trimester of pregnancy and to determine the correlation between pulmonary functions and serum iron levels. Methods: Physical examination as well as case history and all requested information were taken by a questionnaire. Measurement of serum iron was done manually using commercial kit (Biolab, France). Pulmonary functions test was carried out using a computerized Spirometer device (ROME-Italy). Results: FEV1, FVC and O2 saturation % showed a decrease in study group (untreated) but were not statistically significant (p = 0.31, 0.98 and 0.14) respectively. However, only FEV1/FVC displayed a statistically significant decline in study group compared to controls. Although there was an obvious positive correlation between serum iron and FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC, none of them showed a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.238, 0.493 and 0.969) respectively. Conclusion: Decline in lung volumes is correlated (although not significant) with low serum iron in pregnant women at the third trimester.
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