PH; (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0) rpm. Experiments were performed in triplicate and the results were statistically analyzed using computer software Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a Box-Behnken design was applied to batch cultures of T. viride, for identifying the effects of process variables (carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature, RPM and PH). The fermentation was carried out in shake flasks using a complex medium fungal biomass the mycelium was filtered through filter paper (Whatman No. 40). It was washed first with distilled water tow times. The washed mycelium was dried at 105±1°C to constant mass. It was placed in the desiccators and then the mass was determined. Trichoderma biomass production for biotechnological uses (biocontrol agent). Optimum parameters and maximum biomass production were studied. The maximum biomass production of 13.6 g mL Optimization of Trichoderma cultivation in submerged state fermentation to produce the optimum biomass as stage of biocontrol agent and biofertilizer production which made the production line more significant. Conclusion: Based on a statistically designed search, results indicated that an optimal medium for maximizing the production of biomass in batch cultures of T. viride should contain 45 g L −1 C, 0.35 g L −1 N, 30 Temp, 175 rpm and Ph 6. This composition can yield the optimum biomass 5 days of culture. The identified optimal medium is rich in carbon but provided a limiting level of nitrogen.
Problem statement: The present study was undertaken to assess the Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) as carrier of Biofertilizer and microbial inoculants interaction. A study in Malaysia had shown a strain of Trichoderma viride and Bacillus megaterium were isolated from the soil. Questions were raised whether the tow inoculants compatible to be mixed in same carrier? It is important to develop delivery system of the inoculants. The present study was undertaken to assess the Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) as carrier of biofertilizers and microbial inoculants interaction and the impact on rice seedlings. Approach: Bacillus negaterium and Trichoderma viride were grown in their respective broth culture. Cells numbers in broth pr suspension were determined. EFB powder 200 g in polypropylene bags was sterilized. Inoculums from broth of suspension were added in EFB using sterilized syringe, moisture level in each packet was maintained by adding respective broth, 1 g was periodically withdraw from fomenters, soaked in 10 mL sterilized distal water, then serially diluted and plated out, the number of viable cells was expressed as cfu g −1 dry root. Twenty one-day-old rice seedlings of MR220 cultivar were grown under greenhouse conditions in autoclaved homogeneous soil, rice seedlings were treated with Trichoderma and Bacillus. Five replicates were used for each treatment. Rice seedlings height (cm), root length (cm), root numbers, root and shoot dray matter, parameters were measured during and after experiment. All data were analyzed at an alpha level of 0.05 or 0.10 using experimental design by completely randomized design model using the analysis of variance module (treatments × 3 R) all treatment means were separated using Fisher's protected least significant difference (LSD) mean separation. Results: Trichoderma growth in carrier reduces Bacillus growth as interaction effect of both in same carrier which indicated that Bacillus unable to develop on multi-inoculants biofertilizers with Trichoderma. Inoculation of rice seedlings with Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma viride produced maximum shoots and roots dry matter, increased significantly root length numbers and seedlings height comparing with control and same action of NPK fertilizers. Conclusion: The present study showed the possibility to develop the delivery system of biofertilizers which contained Bacillus and Trichoderma as mono inoculums not as multi-inoculants due to incompatible of both in same carrier. Bacillus and Trichoderma also showed appositive effect with rice seedlings.
In this study, a total of 209 individuals of leeches were collected from Al-Hindyia River / Babil Province. 116 individuals were identified as Erpobdella octaculata (Linnaeus, 1758), 50 individuals as Erpobdella punctata (Leidy,1870) and 43 individuals as Hemiclepsis marginata (Müller, 1774). Four samples were collected monthly during a period from February to June 2018. Some physical and chemical water properties were also examined, including air and water temperature, potential of hydrogen pH, Electrical Conductivity EC, Total Dissolved Solid TDS, Dissolved Oxygen DO, and the Biological Oxygen Demand BOD₅. Air and water temperature were ranged 19.5-29, & 14.6-23.2 °C respectively. The values of pH ranged 6.2-7.6. EC ranged 1104-1581 μs/cm². The TDS recorded 669-767 mg/l, while the DO reached 1.3-8.5 mg / l, the BOD₅ ranged 3.5-5.7 mg/l.
Problems statement: A study had shown a strain of Bacillus megaterium was isolated from the soil. Questions were whether date powder could be used as alternatives of carbon sources for Bacillus megaterium submerged state cultivation? Approach: To evaluate the effects of the using date powder; The fermentation was carried out in shake flasks using a complex medium consisting of (g/L) ammonium tartrate, 2.0; magnesium sulphateheptahydrate, 4.0; dipotassium phosphate, 14.0; calcium chloride, 0.2, NaHPO4, 4.0, yeast extract, 3.0, trace elements, 2.0ml and glucose 6.0(4.0, yeast extract, 3.0, trace elements, 2.0ml and glucose 6.0) were replaced by dates powder at three rates; 5,10 and15 g/L Results show that the rate of production of biomass during submerged fermentation by Bacillus megaterium at 30±1°C for 24 hours of incubation using date powder was maximizes between 18 and 24 hr of fermentation. The experimental runs and results for the Box– Behnken design. The 15 runs in a single block were used to study the effects using date powder in different rates on one response. Biomass concentration ranged from 6.5cfu /l to 12.9cfu /.comparing with 14.8 cfu/ g for the commercial growth media. The ANOVA tables give the statistical significance of the effects for biomass. These effects were dates powder rates, the optimized growth medium with pH 7, inoculums’ size 106, temp 24oC and moisture dates powder 15 g/L. The biomass concentrations obtained under the optimal conditions 12.9cfu/l. Key words: Date Powders, Fermentation, Bacillus megaterium, biomass, Submerged State
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