Egyptian Journal of Botany http://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/ 25 T HIS IS the first quantitative ethnobotanical study conducted in the Rashad district, Southern Kordofan, Sudan. The objective was to collect and identify trees and shrubs used by local people for medicinal purposes and summarize local knowledge about traditional herbal medicine. Ethnobotanical data were obtained by conducting several ethnobotanical surveys, questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, field observations, inquiries, and Group gatherings from September 2018 to January 2019. Quantitatively, ethnobotanical data were analyzed in terms of use value (UV) and relative frequency of citation (RFC). A total of 56 trees and shrubs used in medicine and belonging to 22 families were listed in this study. The most common families were Fabaceae (14%), Combretaceae (8%), and Malvaceae (5%). In terms of growth form, 35 species (61%) were trees and 21 (39%) were shrubs. Fruits were the most common structures used to prepare herbal medicine (23%) and were usually administered as a powder (13%). The most commonly used species based on UV by the local community in the Rashad area were as follows: Adansonia digitata L. for dysentery diseases, followed by Tamarindus indica L. for treating malaria and fever, Balanites aegyptiacus (L.) Delile for treating enteric worms, Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel and Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel for kidney problems, and Ximenia americana L. for toothaches. This study revealed significant local ethnobotanical knowledge and direct human-plant interactions. Recording indigenous use of woody plants is crucial for identifying potential species for future domestication.
Studies on plant invasions depend on local and regional checklists of the alien flora. However, global overview studies have shown that some regions, including many African countries, remain understudied in this regard. To contribute to filling this gap, here we present the first checklist of alien plants of Sudan and South Sudan (the Sudans). We analysed the taxonomic and geographical composition of the species on this list. Our result show that of the 113 alien species in Sudans (99 in Sudan and 59 in South Sudan), 92 (81.4%) are naturalized and 21 (18.6%) are just casual aliens. The number of naturalized species represent 2.2% of the total flora of the Sudans (4096). The alien species belong to 44 families and 85 genera, and many of them are native to Southern America and Northern America (85.8%). Annual and perennial herbs are the prevailing life forms in the alien flora of the Sudans (68.1%), and, among the casual species, perennial herbs are underrepresented whereas woody tree species are over-represented. Alien plants of the Sudans are mostly used for medicinal and environmental purposes globally. The naturalized plants predominantly occur in man-made disturbed habitats, such as agricultural and ruderal habitats. This first overview of the alien flora of the Sudans should stimulate further research and recording of the alien flora to better understand the drivers and consequences of alien plants in the Sudans.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was introduced in the year 2000 by Notomi, as a highly sensitive, specific and cost-effective technique for microbial identification. In contrast to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology in which the reaction is carried out with a series of alternating temperature steps or cycles, isothermal amplification is carried out at a constant temperature and does not require a thermal cycler. LAMP, a simple DNA amplification technique, with its field amenable nature has been used to detect a variety of pathogens including viruses, fungi, bacteria and parasites and in most of the cases it surpasses polymerase chain reaction. In this study the authors investigated the Loop mediated isothermal amplification technique (LAMP) which is a novel nucleic acid amplification technique. They tried to apply LAMP technique to detection of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in dorcas gazelles. They designed LAMP specific primers for targeted gene and have verified the LAMP sensitivity up to 4 particles. The authors suggested that LAMP technique could be an appropriate replacement for PCR and may be useful in low resource or field settings where conventional DNA or RNA extraction prior.
Dairy industry has recently grown as a very important economic national source of income. In Sudan, many dairy owners introduced foreign blood. This might result in a progeny of mixed blood cows with lowered resistance to endogenous and locally prevailing diseases such as mastitis. In this study 60 milk samples were obtained from Frisian cows in Elrudoan and Elmouileh Convention in Omdurman, Khartoum State, Sudan. Samples positive for bacterial growth were identified using the gram stain and various conventional biochemical tests. Hundred species of bacteria were isolated from 60 samples of milk. A total of 70 (70%) were gram positive, and 30 (30%) were gram negative bacteria. Among the total of the gram positive isolates, 40 (57.1%) were Staphylococcus spp., 18 (25.7%) were Bacillus spp., 6 (8.6%) Streptococcus spp., 4 (5.7%) Corynebacterium spp., and 2 (2.9%) were Actinomyces spp. and from gram negative isolates, 26 (86.7%) were Enterobacter spp. and 4 (13.3%) were E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility tests to Tylosin and Enroflaxcin were performed for the isolated bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter faecalis). The isolated bacteria were found to be highly sensitive to Tylosin and Enrofloxacin.
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