In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film was treated with low-cost microwave oven oxygen plasma. A number of several types of microscopies, including scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle and work of adhesion, were utilized in order to investigate the impact that the plasma had on the PVA film. After plasma treatment, it was discovered that the contact angle had decreased from 39° ± 0.4 to 20.8° ± 0.2, which suggests that the surface property had changed to a hydrophilic state due to increased hydroxyl groups (C=O, O=C–O) according to our finding from the results of XPS. The increase in surface roughness was observed. Recent research suggests that the properties of PVA can be modified by adjusting the degree of oxidation, which could lead to new improvements in applications based on PVA. This could pave the way for food packaging, air-conditioner panels, and coating applications.
Background: Three dimensional ultrasound is the standard modality used for the imaging of the fetus. It is widely available, easy to apply, cost-effective, safe for the fetus and allows real-time imaging. MR imaging is an alternative modality that uses no ionizing radiation, has excellent tissue contrast and a large field of view, is not limited by obesity or overlying bone, and can image the fetus in multiple planes, no matter the fetal lie. This study was carried out on 40 patients which have been suspected by 2D ultrasound as having fetal malformations. Post-natal evaluation was done by both imaging (2D ultrasound and X-ray) and clinical examination, it was a criterion for our study to compare the accuracy of 3D ultrasonography and MR imaging in diagnosis of fetal malformations. Aim of Study:To compare the precision and accuracy of 3D ultrasonography and MR imaging in diagnosis of fetal malformations and correlate their results with the postnatal findings.Patients and Methods: This prospective study included fourty (40) pregnant female patients which have been suspected by 2D ultrasound as having fetal malformations. Results:We have found that 7 cases of all patients were diagnosed as normal with no any congenital anomalies which represented 18% of all cases and 33 of those cases were diagnosed as abnormal cases who were clearly demonstrated congenital anomalies which represented 82% of all cases as suggested by MRI findings, however the results we have by 3D US were 6 cases who were diagnosed as normal which represented about 15% and 34 cases were diagnosed as abnormal cases which represented about 85% of all cases.According to the postnatal final diagnosis which diagnosed by imaging or clinical examination, we have found that 8 cases from 40 cases were diagnosed as normal and 32 cases from 40 cases were diagnosed as abnormal.Conclusion: MR imaging as an adjunct to prenatal 3D US may provide valuable information that could add to the prenatal evaluation and treatment of some fetal anomalies, particularly those involving the central nervous system.
Background: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumor of the reproductive tract in women. Uterine artery embolization has been approved as an alternative treatment option for uterine fibroids to reduce uterine and fibroid volumes as well as to relieve the patient symptoms. The current study included 80 patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids. All patients underwent pre-embolization MRI, uterine artery embolization, and followup post-embolization MRI at 6 months post procedure for a reduction in uterine and dominant fibroid volumes. The aim of the study was to assess the role of transcatheter uterine artery embolization in reducing the uterine fibroid volume. Results: There was a significant difference in the uterine volume reduction between a group with single fibroids and a group with multiple uterine fibroids The mean uterine volume reduction in the first group was 46.5% compared to 37.4% reduction in the second group. While there was no significant difference in the dominant fibroid volume reduction between both groups (48.8% and 44.9% respectively). Conclusions: UAE has a high efficacy in the reduction of both the uterine volume and the dominant fibroid volume, which results in improvement in patient's quality of life.
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