The aim of this study is to investigate the potential antioxidant and anti-infl ammatory effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on ceruleine-induced acute pancreatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 14 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 2 groups as follows: (1) normal saline-treated group and (2) thymoquinone-treated groups. For achieving acute pancreatitis, intraperitoneal (IP) cerulein, a stable cholecystokinin (CCK) analogue, was applied in a 50 mcg/kg dose 2 times in onehour interval in total. One hour after last ceruleine injection, IP 2 ml/kg isotonic saline solution was applied to the saline group and IP 5 mg/kg TQ was applied. The rats were sacrifi ced by decapitation 12 h after the last injection of last medication. Blood samples were taken, and serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), amylase, lipase pancreatic, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and pancreatic Schoenberg scores were determined. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated for each group. Results are given as mean ± SD. A value of p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically signifi cant. SPSS for Windows v15.0 was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The increased serum amylase, lipase levels and histopathological scoring of pancreatic tissue showed that acute pancreatitis was present in both groups. Furthermore, serum IL-1β level was signifi cantly reduced in TQ-administered group (p < 0.05). Although serum TAC level was high and TOS level was low, those changes were not statistically signifi cant. Nevertheless, OSI index, which was driven from TOS/TAC, was signifi cantly low in TQ groups (p < 0.05). Although TQ partially ameliorated the acute pancreatitis in terms of histopathological evaluations, the main effect of it was brought about by reducing the hemorrhage in acute pancreatitis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, it was shown that TQ can reduce the infl ammation and has a positive effect on the oxidative status of organism in infl ammatory cases such as acute pancreatitis. This is consistent with partial amelioration of acute pancreatitis in rats given TQ (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 31). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

upon Tyne NE2 4HH1 The mechanism by which bradykinin regulates renal epithelial salt transport has been investigated using a mouse inner medullary renal collecting duct cell-line mIMCD-K2. 2 Using fura-2 loaded mIMCD-K2 cells bradykinin (100 nM) has been shown to induce a transient increase in intracellular Ca 2+ via activation of bradykinin B2 receptors localized to both the apical and basolateral epithelial cell surfaces. 3 In mIMCD-K2 epithelial cell-layers clamped in Ussing chambers, 100 nM bradykinin via apical and basolateral bradykinin B2 receptors stimulated a transient increase in inward short-circuit current (I sc ) of similar duration to the increase in intracellular Ca 2+ . 4 Replacements of the bathing solution Na + by the impermeant cation, N-methyl-D-glucamine and of Cl 7 and HCO 3 7 by the impermeant anion gluconate at either the apical (no reduction) or basal bathing solutions (abolition of the response) are consistent with the bradykinin-stimulated increase in inward I sc resulting from basal to apical Cl 7 (anion) secretion. 5 Using the slow whole cell con®guration of the patch-clamp technique, bradykinin was shown to activate a transient Cl 7 selective whole cell current which showed time-dependent activation at positive membrane potentials and time-dependent inactivation at negative membrane potentials. These currents were distinct from those activated by forskolin (CFTR), but identical to those activated by exogenous ATP and are therefore consistent with bradykinin activation of a Ca 2+ -dependent Cl 7 conductance. 6 The molecular identity of the Ca 2+ -dependent Cl 7 conductance has been investigated by an RT ± PCR approach. Expression of an mRNA transcript with 96% identity to mCLCA1/2 was con®rmed, however an additional but distinct mRNA transcript with only 81% of the identity to mCLCA1/2 was identi®ed.

The aim of this study was to determine the localization and number of apoptotic cells in lung tissue and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of newborns, young, and adult rats exposed to formaldehyde (6 ppm) or technical xylene (300 ppm) for 6 weeks (8 h/day). A total of 27 female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Apoptotic cells were mainly localized around the bronchus and bronchioles and relatively less frequently on the walls of alveoli and interalveolar septa both in control and experimental groups. In the BALT, reactive cells were localized in the area under the epithelium and distributed homogenously within the lymphoid follicles. The numbers of apoptotic cells in the lung tissue including the BALT were significantly higher in young and adult rats exposed to formaldehyde and xylene than those detected in control groups.

Intestinal IR injury may be reversed by the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of leflunomide.

HS causes less inflammatory reaction and necrosis than diathermy, but more necrosis than CS. Fascia incisions with CS gains tensile strength faster than in other groups. HS appears to cause less tissue injury than diathermy and also has comparable results for wound healing. Further clinical studies on the impact of HS in fascia incisions are needed.

The mechanical properties of composites produced without additives are limited by the matrix and fibers of constructed material. To increase the mechanical properties, micro or nano size particles can be added to the composite. In this study, [Formula: see text] particles with a purity of 98% and a size of 0–50 μm were added to the epoxy material in the ratios of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% by weight to optimize the parameter in order to enhance the mechanical properties of [110P/163 T/195T]s stacking sequenced woven composites. Tensile fatigue tests were performed with a computer-controlled fatigue test device with a 100 kN load cell, by applying [Formula: see text] load ratio, 6 Hz frequency, and sine wave load form. Fatigue tests were conducted at different load levels. As a result, increase between 119%-2441% was observed in the fatigue cycle of micro-[Formula: see text] reinforced woven composite materials compared to non-particles added epoxy woven composites. The highest damping rate was observed as 57.528 in 1% micro- [Formula: see text], and the lowest damping rate was observed as 26.312 in composite with no Al2O3 particles. The micro-structure morphologies of micro-Al2O3 reinforced woven composites were observed by SEM.

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