In Iraq, excessive exposure to insecticides is increasingly becoming uncontrollable, the objective of this work was to assess the possible ameliorative role of taxifolin and vitamin c against diazinon-induced myocardial injury in rats. 36 sprague female rats divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 received diazinone 20 mg/kg gavaged for 30 days. Group 2 received taxifolin (25 mg/kg) and vitamin C (100 mg /kg) co-administered together and gavaged daily for 30 days before oral diazinone (20 mg/kg). Group 3 and group 4 were treated with taxifoline (25 mg/kg) and vitamin C (100 mg /kg) respectively, gavaged separately for 30 days before diazinone (20 mg/kg) administration. group 5 was considered as control 1 received taxifolin (25 mg/kg) and vitamin C (100 mg /kg) co-administered together and gavaged daily for 30 days. The last group, group 6 considered as control 2 which received vehicle of diazinon. Rats’ weights, water and food intake were measured and the general vital signs of rats were observed and noted. At the end of study, rats are sacrificed, blood withdrawn for biochemical analysis and heart were excised for glutathione peroxidase and pathological evaluation. Significant increase in body weights in all treated and control groups except group 1. Troponin, LDH, AST and ALT levels were significantly increased in group 1 revealing the existence of ischemia and damage in hearts. Treatment with taxifolin and vitamin C combination reduced their levels significantly to concentrations comparable to that in the control groups. Such finding supported by histopathological observation. Moreover, this study showed that diazinon administration significantly deteriorated lipid profile, co-administration of taxifolin and vitamin C was resulted in a significant improvement in lipid profile associated with increased in glutathione peroxidase values showing significant improvement in antioxidant levels. Sub-acute administration of pharmacological doses of taxifolin and vitamin C exerts cardioprotective effects against diazinon-induced myocardial injury in rats.

Insecticides have come to be used in a wrong way and uncontrollably, leading to an increase in the incidence of chronic diseases such as chronic nephropathies, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of Taxifolin and/or vitamin C against Diazinon-induced renal dysfunction. Methods: Thirty-six female rats were divided into six groups gavaged orally for 30 days. Group 1 received 20 mg/kg DZN. Group 2 received 25 mg/kg Taxifolin, 100 mg/kg vitamin C, and then 20 mg/kg DZN. Group 3 received 25 mg/kg Taxifolin and then 20 mg/kg DZN. Group 4 received 100 mg/kg vitamin C and then 20 mg/kg DZN. Group 5 received 25 mg/kg Taxifolin and then 100 mg/kg vitamin C. Finally, group 6 received distilled water. In the end, the rats were sacrificed and their blood and kidneys were collected for biochemical analysis and histopathology. Conclusion: Sub-acute administration of Taxifolin and vitamin C provides a renoprotective effect against oxidative stress induced by DZN.

Background: Quercetin is a food supplement with multiple biological activities including antihypertensive, vasodilator effects, antiobesity, antihypercholesterolemic, antiatherosclerotic and other activities, it is available in wide range of dietary supplement and daily food intake, after oral ingestion, quercetin is metabolized by intestinal enzymes and absorbed by the duodenum, then be transported to the liver where is transformed into its glucuronidated, methylated and sulfo-substituted metabolites.Aim of Study: Boosting the bioavailability of Quercetin by enzyme inhibitor effect of ketoconazoleMethod: 10 apparently healthy adult, male (5) and female (5) were grouped A and B, with a 1-week wash-period, Group A received Quercetin 1000 mg, group B received Quercetin 1000 mg and Ketoconazole 400 mg, and 15 blood samples are collected on the following timing 0, 0.5 - 12.5 by 1 hour interval and other by hour 24 for HPLC Assay.Results: Concurrent ketoconazole administration with Quercetin significantly improves the mean plasma concentration under the curve from zero time to infinity (AUC0–∞) by 176% (403.41 ± 62.28 vs. 228.51 ± 28.67 μg.h/mL; P <0.0001) and prolonged time to complete elimination (44.66 ± 9.17 vs. 12.93 ± 1.4 hr.; P <0.0000) compared with Quercetin alone.Conclusion: Bioavailability of Quercetin will be increased by its administration together with ketoconazole, due to enzyme inhibiting effect of ketoconazole which delay elimination and increase the AUC of Quercetin.

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