Background: Bi-maxillary protrusion is considered as one of the important causes to seek the orthodontic treatment to get better esthetic. This study aimed to test the effect of orthodontic treatment in improvement the facial esthetics. Materials and methods: Ten Iraqi Arab females having bi-maxillary protrusion based on Class I malocclusion were treated with fixed orthodontic appliance and extraction of the maxillary and mandibular 1 st permanent premolars. Pre and post-treatment facial profile photographs were taken for each patients and the effect of treatment was tested in comparison with the pre-treatment photographs using seven angular measurements. Results: After treatment, the upper and lower lip projections were decreased significantly, the nasolabial and mento-labial angles were increased significantly. Conclusion: Treatment of bi-maxillary protrusion with fixed orthodontic appliances and extraction of four premolars improve the facial esthetics of the patients by decreasing the lip projection and increasing the naso-labial and mento-labial angles.
Background: 37% phosphoric acid (PA) is the traditional enamel etching technique prior to bracket adhesion, yet it has been implicated in numerous enamel injuries. The purpose of the current study was to create a calcium phosphate (CaP) etching paste in a simplified capsule formula that can underpin clinically adequate bracket bond strength without jeopardizing the integrity of enamel upon the debracketing procedure. Materials and Methods: micro-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was mixed with 40% PA solution to prepare experimental acidic CaP paste. Sixty human premolars were assigned into two groups of 30 each. Enamel conditioning was accomplished using 37% PA-gel for control group and CaP paste for experimental group. Each group was further divided into two subgroups regarding the water storage (WS) period (24 h and 30 days). Shear bond strength (SBS) test conducted with examination of debonded surfaces for adhesive remnants and enamel damage using a digital microscope. Results: CaP paste produced significantly lower SBS values than PA (p < 0.01), yet sufficient for clinical use. PA etching caused often cracked enamel surfaces with excessive retention of adhesive remnants (mainly ARI scores 2 and 3). Contrarily, enamel treated with the experimental CaP paste exhibited smooth, unblemished surfaces mostly clean of adhesives residues (scores 0 and 1). Conclusion: a newly developed CaP paste in a capsule formula fosters clinically adequate bracket adhesion with a sustained bonding performance, allows a harmless bracket removal with minimal or no adhesive residues on debonded surfaces; thus, it can be introduced as a suitable alternative to PA.
No abstract
Facial asymmetry is a normal finding in clinically symmetrical faces. Theasymmetry in general was either functional and/or structural in nature. The objectiveof this study was to investigate the relationship of the amount and direction of facialasymmetry in clinically symmetrical faces with class I normal occlusion tohandedness, and to discover if there is any relation of occlusal bite force withhandedness and facial asymmetry in Iraqi Arab adult sample.The sample was 60 untreated Iraqi adult persons, 30 right handers, 30 left handersand each group consisted of 15 males and 15 females, with age range 18-25 years. Foreach subject a posteroanterior radiograph was taken, and then a maximum molar biteforce was measured digitally in the first molar area on each side.All subjects of the sample showed skeletal asymmetry although they have normalocclusion and it was significantly greater in right handers than in left handers(P<0.05).Skeletal asymmetry was greater in males than females for both right and lefthanders. In right-handers, the mean facial area on the left side was significantlygreater than that on the right side (P=0.000). In left handers, the mean facial area onthe right side was found to be significantly greater than that on the left side only infemales (P=0.004).The bite force, in both right and left handed groups, was larger in males than infemales, with significant difference in right handers (P=0.03) and highly significantdifference in left handers (P=0.001).Facial dimensions tend to be larger in males than in females. Skeletal asymmetrywas present even in clinically symmetrical faces with teeth in normal occlusion and itwas highly correlated to handedness. Bite force was independent of handedness withsignificantly greater molar bite force in males than females.
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