Autologus MSCs may have side effects and may be contraindicated in patients with a history of myelitis. Their utility in treating chronic traumatic SCI needs further study in pre-clinical models and in randomized controlled trials before they should be offered to patients.
[Purpose] To determine which of the transcranial electromagnetic stimulation or low
level laser therapy is more effective in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia of multiple
sclerosis patients. [Methods] Thirty multiple sclerosis patients of both sexes
participated in this study. The age of the subjects ranged from 40 to 60 years and their
mean age was (56.4–6.6). Participants were randomly selected from Dental and Neurology
Outpatient Clinics at King Khalid Hospital, Najran University, Saudi Arabia. Patients were
randomly divided into two equal groups of 15. The Laser group received a low level laser
therapy, 830 nm wavelength, 10 Hz and 15 min duration, while the Electromagnetic group
received repetitive transcranial electromagnetic stimulation at a frequency of 10 Hz,
intensity of 50 mA and duration of 20 minutes. Patients were assessed pre and post
treatment for degree of pain using a numerical rating scale, maximal oral mouth opening
using a digital calibrated caliper, masseter muscle tension using a tensiometer and a
compound action potentials of masseter and temporalis muscles. [Results] There were
significant improvements after treatment in both groups, with a significant difference
between the Electromagnetic and Laser groups, in favor of the Electromagnetic group.
[Conclusion] Repetitive transcranial electromagnetic stimulation at 10 Hz, 50 mA, and 20
minutes duration is more effective than low level laser therapy at reducing trigeminal
pain, increasing maximum oral mouth opening, masseter and temporalis muscle tension in
multiple sclerosis patients.
This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer and radio-sensitizing efficacy of Zinc Oxide-Caffeic Acid Nanoparticles (ZnO-CA NPs). ZnO-CA NPs were formulated by the conjugation of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with caffeic acid (CA) that were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In vitro anticancer potential of ZnO-CA NPs was evaluated by assessing cell viability in the human breast (MCF-7) and hepatocellular (HepG2) carcinoma cell lines. In vivo anticancer and radio-sensitizing effects of ZnO-CA NPs in solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice (EC mice) were also assessed. Treatment of EC mice with ZnO-CA NPs resulted in a considerable decline in tumor size and weight, down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene expressions, decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) level, downregulation of phosphorylated-extracellular-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (p-ERK1/2) protein expression, DNA fragmentation and a recognizable peak at sub-G0/G1 indicating dead cells’ population in cancer tissues. Combined treatment of ZnO-CA NPs with γ-irradiation improved these effects. In conclusion: ZnO-CA NPs exhibit in-vitro as well as in-vivo antitumor activity, which is augmented by exposure of mice to γ-irradiation. Further explorations are warranted previous to clinical application of ZnO-CA NPs.
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