This study was conducted to determine the seed borne fungi of wheat cultivars in the seed production stores companies in Salah AL-Din Governorate, Iraq, 2021, and then evaluate the efficiency of Microwaves to kill or eliminate the fungal pathogens of wheat. The results of the study indicate that all samples of wheat seeds were contaminated with fungi in different percentage. 318 isolates of fungi were isolated from the studied wheat seed samples.They were identified culturally and microscopically according to approved taxonomic keys. The fungus A. flavus appeared with a percentage of 100 %, as it was present in all samples of the studied wheat seeds, as well as the species of A.niger. Then the species of Alternaria (A.alternata, A.tenuissima , A.saponaria) and the species of Aspergillus ( A.flavus , A.fumigatus, A.terrus, A.niger), Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium spp, Aureobasidium pullulans, Phoma spp, Curvularia lunata, Stemphylium spp, and Mucor spp appeared with different percentages. an investigation into the effect of microwaves on fungal pathogens of wheat varieties was undertaken .This was achived by microwaving seeds at 0 , 10 , 20 , 30 and 40 Seconds . Agar plate tests were used to ass’s pathogen loads. Pathogen levels were steadialy reduced at all treatment times and by 30 S treatment. All pathogens were consistently destroyed. In comparison, at 40 S the levels of saprophytic fungi were increased because it thermotolerant. The use of microwave radiation was a valuable tool for crop improvement, it was rapid, economic, efficient and safe to eradicating the pathogens.
The aim of the current paper is to study the effect Commercial Phytase Enzyme, yeast extract and the black cumin extract individually or mixed together to improve white rats health and keep them in good condition by studying the effects of the mixed materials mentioned above in their blood and their hormones, therefore the same-aged and the same-strained white male rats are chosen as a sample in this study. They are divided in to five groups: four standard groups with labels: A, B, C, D, and control group. Each group up has been tested three repeated. The first group (A) is nourished with Commercial Phytase Enzyme and Standard food by 50 gm/kg. Whereas, the second group (B) is nourished with Commercial Phytase Enzyme by 25 gm/kg and standard food. As for The third group (C) is nourished with Commercial Phytase Enzyme and Yeast extract by 25 gm/kg for one and standard food. As for the fourth group (D),it is nourished with Commercial Phytase Enzyme and alcoholic black cumin extract and yeast extract by 25 gm./kg for everyone and standard food. The last group was the control group which has only standard food. After four weeks of the experiment, the rats are anesthetic; the blood samples are taken from the rats by as 5 ml from each sample and kept in anti-clotting laboratory tubes to study blood indicator standard soas isolate the serum from the whole blood and saved until making the biochemical tests on it. The results are shown for each group and compared with the control group.It is noticed that the increase of the weight in A, B, C, and D) when they are compared with the control group, besides it is found that there is an increase in value :(lymphocytes absolute count) LYM#, ( platelets count) plt R.D.W-CV., (Red cell distribution width ) LYM% ( Lymphocyte ratio ) also it is noticed that there is an increase in MCH value and MCHC in group (A) when compared with the other groups and the control group in rats which eaten that materials. As for hormones, the differences are noticed in testosterone hormone value for all groups (A, B, C, and D) if compared it with the control group. So it is found that there is a little increase in groups (A and C) in (6.72, 8.35) ng/ml in a row.The groups (B and D) have a little effect on hormones of the rats if they have eaten (2.1, 2.0) ng/ml a row if compared with other standard group. Through this study concluded that Commercial Phytase Enzyme and Yeast extract and alcoholic black cumin extract have an effect on weight and blood indicators and hormones for experimental animals (male rats) and their health.
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