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We found that the psychodrama-based psychological empowerment program increased psychological empowerment and enhanced perception of workplace empowerment while decreasing levels of burnout in oncology nurses. The program is recommended and should allow oncology nurses to benefit from their personal experiences and thus increase self-empowerment, to enhance their perception of empowerment, and to prevent burnout.

Humans have physical, social, emotional, and intellectual needs. Physical and psychological health depends on sufficiently meeting these basic needs. Sleep is a basic physical need. 1,2 Although sleep functions are not clearly understood, it is accepted that sleep is necessary for maintaining health and a state of wellness. 2 Sleep quality is an important concept in clinical practice and sleep-related research. Sleep quality is measured by whether an individual feels energetic, active, and ready to start a new day.Complaints about sleep quality are very common, and poor quality of sleep is an important indicator of many illnesses. 3,4 Defects in sleep quality can disturb emotions, thoughts, and motivation. Individuals with poor quality of sleep show many physical and cognitive symptoms, such as tiredness, exhaustion, difficulty concentrating, decreased pain threshold, loss of appetite, nervousness, anxiety, and depression. [4][5][6] Sleep disorders have a significant effect on mortality and morbidity. 7 For this reason, a complaint of difficulties with sleep is considered a significant health problem that may negatively affect quality of sleep, quality of life, and state of wellness. 1,2 It is very common for hemodialysis patients to have sleep problems. 7-10 Many factors in hemodialysis patients, such as blood urea level, creatinine level, parathyroid hormone level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and bone pain, increase the prevalence of sleep problems. 11,12 It has been reported that 50%-80% of dialysis patients experience sleep problems, and sleep problems significantly decrease an individual's quality of life. 8,13,14 Studies have shown that more than 85% of hemodialysis patients have sleep problems serious enough to affect their quality of life. 14,15 Nephrologists and nephrology nurses who work with hemodialysis patients commonly hear patients complain about sleep disorders, and there is increased interest in studying sleep problems. 16,17 The quality of the sleep of hemodialysis patients, who have a high rate of relapse with sleep problems because they have a combination of poor physical health and emotional problems such as anxiety and depression, needs to be evaluated and improved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sleep quality in these patients. Methods and MaterialsOne hundred and fifty patients receiving hemodialysis treatment in a university hospital hemodialysis unit participated in this study. Permission to conduct the study was received from the hospital administration. The purpose of the study was explained to the patients, and their informed consent was received. Patients were included in the study if they were older than age 18, were able to read and write, did not have a barrier to communication or a psychological problem, and agreed to participate. Five patients chose not to participate, and were not included in the study. MeasurementsData were collected using a personal information form and the Pittsburgh

The objective of this study was to determine how psychosocial approaches to people with schizophrenia, in addition to treatment with psychotropic drugs, affect the course of the illness and family interactions. The project included people who were diagnosed with schizophrenia and hospitalized at least once. Twenty-three people completed the study. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF-TR), Family Assessment Device (FAD), Specific Level of Functioning Scale (SLFS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were applied both at the beginning and at the end of the study. Two study teams visited the participants six times in their homes once per two weeks. At the end of the third month, improvements in social interactions and in family relationships were observed. According to the average score at baseline, BPRS average score was found to be significantly lower (p < 0.02); WHOQOL-BREF, SLFS and MSPSS average scores were found to be significantly higher (respectively p < 0.02, p < 0.0001, p < 0.05). The results of this study show that psychosocial approaches are beneficial especially in social skills and family relationships.

BACKGROUNDHemodialysis causes major changes in patients' lifestyles that affect their quality of life (QoL) and sleep quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of life and sleep of hemodialysis patients.METHODS AND MATERIALSThe study sample was 138 patients receiving dialysis in a university hospital dialysis unit. Data were collected with a personal information form (PIF), Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short Form (SF‐36) questionnaire, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).RESULTSAll of the hemodialysis patients had low quality of life. There was a significant correlation between QoL and sleep quality (p < .001); as QoL decreased sleep quality also decreased. As patients' age increased their QoL and sleep decreased. Women, housewives, those with no formal education, and patients living in extended families had lower QoL. Patients aged 51 years and older had low QoL and sleep. No significant difference was found in QoL and sleep according to the patient's duration of hemodialysis (p > .05).CONCLUSIONHemodialysis patients have a low QoL and there is a close correlation between QoL and sleep quality. Interventions to help dialysis patients maintain their QoL and sleep are as important as extending their lives.

Bu araştırma kronik fi ziksel hastalık tanısı olan yaşlılarda yeti yitimi ve depresif belirtileri belirlemek amacı ile yapıldı. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu araştırmaya kronik fi ziksel hastalık tanısı ile bir üniversite hastanesinde tedavi alan 65 yaş ve üzeri 303 yaşlı birey alındı. Araştırma verileri kişisel bilgi formu, Kısa Yeti Yitimi Anketi ve Geriatrik Depresyon Ölçeği ile toplandı. Bulgular: Kronik hastalıklı yaşlılarda yaş ile yeti yitimi ve yeti yitimi ile depresif belirtiler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu, yaş arttıkça yeti yitiminin arttığı, yeti yitimi arttıkça depresif belirti puanlarının arttığı belirlendi. Kadın, okuryazar olmayan ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerini sürdürmede bağımlı olan yaşlıların yeti yitimi ve depresif belirti puanlarının yüksek olduğu, dul yaşlıların yeti yitimi puanının yüksek, 65-70 yaş grubunda ve ekonomik durumu yüksek yaşlıların yeti yitimi puanlarının düşük olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Kronik fi ziksel hastalıklı yaşlılarda yeti yitimi ile depresif belirti düzeyleri yakından ilişkilidir. Yaşlılarda yeti yitimi arttıkça depresif belirtiler de artmaktadır. Bu nedenle kronik fi ziksel hastalıklı yaşlıların tedavi ve bakımında yeti yitimi ve depresyon belirtilerinin rutin olarak değerlendirilmesi yeti yitimi ve depresif belirtilerin bireyin yaşamı üzerindeki etkilerini önlemeye veya azaltmaya yönelik girişimlerin gerçekleştirilmesine yardım edecektir.

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