Özetİridoit glikozitler izoprenoit (terpen) biyosentez yolu ürünleri olup, monoterpen türevleridir. Birçok farklı dikotil bitki familyasında doğal olarak sentezlenirler, ayrıca bitkileri biyotik saldırılardan ve abiyotik etkilerden korurlar. İridoit glikozitler tıbbi açıdan önemli bir yere sahiptir. İnsan sağlığı üzerinde antimikrobiyal, antitümor, antikardiyak, antienflamatuar, antihepatoma, antioksidan, nöron koruyucu gibi etkiler gösterir.İridoit glikozitler bitkiler ve tıbbi açıdan büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu nedenle bitki doku kültürü yöntemleri ile üretimlerinin arttırılması bugün en güncel konular arasında yer almaktadır. İridoit glikozitler bitki doku kültürü yöntemleri ile üretildikten sonra ekstrakte edilerek çeşitli analiz cihazları ile kantitatif ve kalitatif analizleri yapılabilir.Anahtar kelimeler: Terpenler, İridoit glikozitler, bitki doku kültürü AbstractIridoit glycosides are monoterpene derivatives biosynthesized from isoprenoids (terpenes). They are synthesized naturally in many different dicotyl plants and they protect plants against biotic and abiotic attacks. Iridoit glycosides are powerful phytochemicals. They exhibit antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-cardiac, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatoma and antioxidant and neuroprotective effects on human health.Iridoid glycosides are found in many medicinal plants and are responsible for their pharmaceutical activities. Based on these facts, increasing irioid glycoside production by plant tissue culture methods has become one of the important research topics recently. After their production by plant tissue culture methods, they can be extracted and subjected to quantitative and qualitative analyses with different devices.
Yet, our present study focused on iridoids, which are secondary metabolites produced by many plants. Iridoids represent a large group of cyclopentapyran monoterpenoids that are synthesized naturally in many different dicotyledonous plant families like Apocynaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Diervillaceae, Lamiaceae, Loganiaceae, and Rubiaceae (Crişan et al., 2010). Researchers reported various biological activities in the extracts of different parts of G. alypum, such as hypoglycemic activity that was examined through the infusion of Globularia alypum leaves (Skim et al., 1999a, 1999b). Moreover, the pharmacological activity of methanol and dichloromethane in aqueous extracts obtained from the leaves and stems of Globularia alypum L. (Bello et al., 2002; Taleb-Dida et al., 2011) was studied years ago. From the leaves and flowers of the Tunisian Globularia alypum, biologists determined its phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity (Chograni et al., 2012). Apigenin and luteolin contents of these leaves were identified by TLC, UV, and NMR analyses (
antiseptic, and antispasmodic effects, it is highly important in medicine (Oflaz et al. 2004). Other substances in O. onites are rosmarinic acid, carvacrol, thymol, γ-terpinene, γ-cymene, α-terpinene, and α-pinene (Ozkan et al. 2009). Organogenesis is formation of organs such as leaves, shoots, or roots out of cells or tissue. It has two types of growth process depending on callus formation: direct organogenesis or indirect organogenesis. In direct organogenesis, cultured explants shoot without forming calluses while in indirect organogenesis, cultured explants shoot after callus formation. As organogenesis facilitates regenerating plants from cells and tissue, it enables production of plant species which are hard to reproduce in a generative way (Babaoğlu et al. 2001). Kintzios (2002) used hypocotyls, cotyledons, roots, nodal segments, and leaves as sources of explants in his study with different kinds of Origanum. The researcher used MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) and Gamborg B5 (1968) as
In this study, calli of Medicago sativa L. cv. Elçi (alfalfa Elçi) were inoculated in cell suspension culture and analyzed for aggregate assay, cell viability test, total phenolic content assay, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and formononetin assay by means of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Hypocotyl, cotyledon and apical meristem explants were taken from 15-day-old aseptic seedlings and germinated in MS medium. 10 g calli were grown for each explant and then transferred into cell suspension culture. The highest cell viability rate, which was 75%, and the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity with 51.36% was measured in 1000 mL cell suspension culture, while the highest total phenolic content, i.e. 40.2 mg/g, was quantified in 250 mL cell suspension culture. In accordance with the findings of the study, the production of formononetin was higher in the calli derived from cell suspension cultures than in herb samples of M. sativa. Moreover, in 1000 mL cell suspension culture, 4.99 mg/g of formononetin concentration was quantified, which scored the highest. In large-scale cell suspension cultures of M. sativa, it was possible to increase the production of formononetin production. Hence, due to its medicinal significance, a method has been tested to obtain higher amounts of this compound.
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