Background: Chest radiography (CXR) is performed more widely and readily than CT for the management of coronavirus disease , but there remains little data on its clinical utility. This study aims to assess the diagnostic performance of CXR, with emphasis on its predictive value, for severe COVID-19 disease.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, 358 chest radiographs were performed on 109 COVID-19 patients (median age 44.4 years, 58 males and 30 with comorbidities) admitted between 22 January 2020 and 15 March 2020. Each CXR was reviewed and scored by three radiologists in consensus using a 72-point COVID-19 Radiographic Score (CRS). Disease severity was determined by the need for supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation.Results: Patients who needed supplemental oxygen (n=19, 17.4%) were significantly older (P<0.001) and significantly more of them had co-morbidities (P=0.011). They also had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.001), higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P<0.001), lower lymphocyte count (P<0.001) and lower hemoglobin (Hb) (P=0.001). Their initial (CRS initial ) and maximal CRS (CRS max ) were higher (P<0.001).Adjusting for age and baseline hemoglobin, the AUROC of CRS max (0.983) was as high as CRP max (0.987) and higher than the AUROC for lymphocyte count min (0.897), and LDH max (0.900). The AUROC for CRS initial was slightly lower (0.930). CRS initial ≥5 had a sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 92% in predicting the need for oxygen, and 73% sensitivity and 88% specificity in predicting the need for mechanical ventilation.CRS between the 6 th and 10 th day from the onset of symptoms (CRS D6-10 ) ≥5 had a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 95% in predicting the need for oxygen, and 100% sensitivity and 86% specificity in predicting the need for mechanical ventilation.Conclusions: Adjusting for key confounders of age and baseline Hb, CRS max performed comparable to or better than laboratory markers in the diagnosis of severe disease. CXR performed between the 6 th and 10 th days from symptom onset was a better predictor of severe disease than CXR performed earlier at presentation. A benign clinical course was seen in CXR that were normal or had very mild abnormalities.

Salmonella vertebral osteomyelitis is an uncommon complication of Salmonella infection. We report a case of a 57-year-old transgender male who presented with lower back pain for a period of one month following a fall. Physical examination only revealed tenderness over the lower back with no neurological deficits. MRI of the thoracic and lumbar spine revealed a spondylodiscitis at T10-T11 and T12-L1 and right posterior epidural collection at the T9-T10 level. He underwent decompression laminectomy with segmental instrumentation and fusion of T8 to L3 vertebrae. Intraoperatively, he was found to have acute-on-chronic osteomyelitis in T10 and T11, epidural abscess, and discitis in T12-L1. Tissue and wound culture grew Salmonella Typhi and with antibiotics susceptibility guidance he was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone for a period of six weeks. He recovered well with no neurological deficits.

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Patient: Male, 56Final Diagnosis: Amyloid arthropathy and myopathySymptoms: PolyarthralgiaMedication: —Clinical Procedure: —Specialty: RadiologyObjective:Rare diseaseBackground:Amyloid arthropathy and myopathy are complications of amyloidosis that can be associated with non-specific imaging findings, which may be challenging to interpret. The report is of a case of polyarticular amyloid arthropathy and myopathy in a 56-year-old man with multiple myeloma and includes a description of the radiographic, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.Case Report:A 56-year-old man with multiple myeloma presented with chronic polyarticular pain and swelling. Soft tissue thickening of the wrist and knee were found on MRI to be of intermediate T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) and low to intermediate T2 weighted imaging (T2WI) signal intensity. Denervation muscle edema seen in the thenar muscles on the MRI of the right wrist were associated with carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to amyloid deposition. Soft tissue lesions in the periarticular regions of both hip joints were contiguous with subchondral bone lesions. Diffusely scattered myeloma lesions were shown as hyperintense on short tau inversion recovery (STIR) MRI imaging throughout the appendicular and axial skeleton, with vertebral compression fractures. Bilateral iliopsoas involvement with hypertrophy and abnormal surrounding fat reticulated signal intensity was consistent with amyloid myopathy. The patient had a pathological fracture of the right femoral neck and underwent surgical fixation. Histology of the right femoral head confirmed amyloid deposits.Conclusions:Because the clinical presentation and imaging findings of musculoskeletal amyloidosis can be nonspecific, they can result in delay in diagnosis and treatment. Early radiologic identification of polyarticular amyloid arthropathy and myopathy should prompt confirmatory biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

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Primary renal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare primary malignancy of the kidney. Diagnosis is usually delayed because of its lack of characteristic clinical and imaging features and inherent aggressive nature. We present a case of primary renal SCC in a 66-year-old woman with bilateral renal calculi and a complex right lower pole renal mass. The diagnosis of primary renal SCC was established based on the histopathology after right nephrectomy.

Toxic encephalopathy is a wide spectrum of encephalopathy secondary to insult from toxic substances, with variable clinical presentations from minor cognitive impairment to severe neurological dysfunction and death. Methadone-induced toxic encephalopathy is an extremely rare form of toxic encephalopathy which typically demonstrates abnormal imaging findings in the dentate nuclei or cerebellum. This is a report of methadone-induced toxic encephalopathy in two toddlers secondary to accidental ingestion. They were brought in unconscious to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital and were found to be cyanotic and pulseless, requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mechanical ventilation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain of both patients showed similar findings of symmetrical hyperintense foci in bilateral cerebellar hemispheres on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. These areas also demonstrated diffusion restriction on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Blood and urine toxicology results confirmed the presence of methadone in both patients. As the exact substance of accidental ingestion may not be known at the time of presentation, early radiological diagnosis of methadone-induced encephalopathy may prompt early initiation of treatment to prevent further life-threatening complications, particularly in vulnerable pediatric population.

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