A total of 134 strains of yeasts isolated from fruits and vegetables (certain berry fruits, apples, pomegranates, carrots and grapes), free-range chicken feces and dairy products, and from 10 commercial yeast preparations were identified and subjected to analyses to determine their in vitro probiotic properties. Based on 26S rRNA sequence analysis all ten isolates from commercial products were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the natural isolates as Candida corpophila, Candida diddensiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Kazachstania bovina, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Metschnikowia. pulcherrima, Metschnikowia sp., Meyerozyma carribbica, Pichia kluyveri and Wickerhamomyces anomalus. All isolates were found to be resistant to simulated gastric juice at pH 2.5 for 2 h and were able to grow at both 30 and 37 °C. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) production of isolates from commercial preparations and from natural sources varied between 249-275.22 and 27.95-272.22 mg/L, respectively. Two of the natural isolates had levels of EPS production comparable to the natural strains (S. cerevisiae T8-3C and S. cerevisiae P25-1) with 264.63 and 272.53 mg/L, respectively. Osolates were also investigated for autoaggregation and coaggregation abilities. The highest coaggregation ability was determined for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae P25-1 strain against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923).
Probiotics are a group of organism those confer health benefit to consumers. There are lots of studies about health benefits of probiotic treatments. The more commonly used probiotic bacteria are bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, such as lactobacilli, lactococci and streptococci. Microorganisms that are probiotic to humans also include yeasts, bacilli and enterococci. Probiotic yeasts have become a field of interest to scientists in recent years. Several previous studies showed that members of Saccharomyces genus can possess anti-bacterial and probiotic properties. Saccharomyces boulardii is non-pathogenic yeast used for many years as a probiotic agent to prevent or treat a variety of human gastrointestinal disorders. S. boulardii is commonly used in lyophilized form especially in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, information about the probiotics, properties of probiotic yeasts, their usage fields is provided and the results of researches in this area has been presented.
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