In this study, the natural radioactivity level and its effects on the environment of Lake Van, which is the largest lake in Turkey, were investigated extensively. Initially, 254 soil samples have been collected from the districts (Tusba, Edremit, Gevas, Tatvan, Ahlat, Adilcevaz, Ercis) located around the coastline of Lake Van in eastern Turkey. A Na(TI) detector was used to detect activity concentrations of radium (226Ra), thorium (232Th) and potassium (40K) in each collected soil sample. The obtained average results were compared with available data from Turkey and international data base. The average activity in soil samples was measured as 28.0 ± 3.7–43.6 ± 2.2 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 27.3 ± 4.1–55.4 ± 4.8 Bq/kg for 232Th and 377 ± 42– 706 ± 40 Bq/kg for 40K. It was observed that the average concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K (43.6 ± 2.2, 55.4 ± 4.8, 706 ± 40 Bq/kg, respectively) for Tatvan district and (37.0 ± 3.5, 51.4 ± 4.2, 479 ± 41 Bq/kg, respectively) for Ahlat district were higher than both national and international average value. In addition, radiological effect parameters originating from terrestrial natural radionuclides for the study area; gamma dose rate (Dout), annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), and lifetime cancer development probability (LCR) were calculated. The Dout, AEDE, LCR (83.0 ± 3.9 nGy/h, 0.102 ± 0.005 mSv/y, 0.36 ± 0.02 x 10–3, respectively) parameters in Tatvan district were found to be above the international allowable value.
Abortions, fetal mummification, calf anomalies, and infertility problems are the majority of reproductive problems in cattle. Viruses play a significant role in the cause of these cases. In cattle, these agents are known as primary abortion agents and the most common of these agents are Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Bovine Herpes Virus Type 1 (BoHV-1), and Bovine Herpes Virus Type 4 (BoHV-4) infections. The objective of this research is to determine the possible role of BVDV, BoHV-1, and BoHV-4 as viral abortion agents in cattle housed in the Van district. For this, a total of 115 animal specimens (blood, serum, vaginal swab, vaginal fluid discharge, nasal swab, and abortion material) from 100 abortion, early embryonic deaths, and fertility problems cases in cattle over the age of 2-5 years old were collected. All samples for detection of BVDV, BoHV-1 and BoHV-4 genomes were tested by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique using specific primers encoding Panpesti 5'-UTR, Glycoprotein C (gC), and Glycoprotein B (gB) genes, respectively. Result out of the samples tested, %41.73 were positive for BVDV and all samples were negative for BoHV-1 and BoHV-4. In conclusion, the presence of BVDV in cattle in the Van region and its role in the occurrence of abortion cases was emphasized for the first time; consideration of viral abortions and determining the etiology of abortion cases and genital system problems needs to focus on the detection of persistent infected (PI) animals and the most effective way of vaccination of susceptible populations for prevention and control of infection.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.