The rate of initiation and exclusivity of breastfeeding in Al Hassa is far below the World Health Organization recommendations.

Neither did any marker of airway inflammation relate to recent symptoms, unlike PC20, which did. There was a significant, inverse correlation between the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and both NO and sputum ECP (r=-0.46, p=<0.001; r=-0.48, p=0.004, respectively). Sputum eosinophils were inversely related to the dose of methacholine that corresponded to a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) (r=-0.57, p=0.02). Serum ECP did not relate to any measure of asthma control. There was no association of any recommended inflammation markers with current symptoms and only a weak relationship between them and physiological measures. The place of these markers remains unclear and their use in clinical practice needs further investigation by long-term longitudinal studies.

The objectives of this study were to determine the magnitude of psychiatric disorders and to define socio-demographic and disease-related risk factors in a sample of adolescents with SCD in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. The sample consisted of 110 adolescents with SCD and a convenient sample of 202 adolescents without SCD as controls. Psychiatric assessment was based a double test strategy through employing the observation form of the semi-structured clinical interview for children and adolescents (SCICA), followed by clinical interview based on the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR 2000). The study revealed that 29.0% of adolescents with SCD and 32.0% of adolescents without SCD were screened positive for one or more psychiatric disorders. Adolescents with SCD showed higher prevalence of adjustment and anxiety disorders compared to their peers. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis for determination of the independent predictors of psychopathology among adolescents with SCD revealed that male gender and high family income were independent protective factors while frequent pain episodes served as an independent risk factor for the development of psychiatric morbidity. Psychiatric assessment using a semi-structured clinical interview in adolescents yields a comprehensive view of the adolescent psychopathology in SCD that calls for early identification and intervention.

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