It has been recently reported that cannabinoid and GABA systems in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are involved in anxiety-related behaviors. Thus the purpose of the present study is to investigate the involvement of ACPA interaction with GABA-ergic of the NAc shell in anxiolytic-like behaviors in Wistar male rat. The elevated plus maze apparatus has been used to test parameters of anxiety-like behaviors. The data demonstrated that bilateral injection of GABA (A) receptor agonist (Muscimol 0.4 μg/μl) increased % OAT. Furthermore, injection of GABA (A) receptor antagonist (Bicuculline 0.9μg/μl) increased locomotor activity. The data indicated anxiolytic-like behaviors caused by the Muscimol injection into the NAc shell. Moreover, bilateral injection of ACPA (CB1 -selective agonists; 0.025μg/μl) into the NAc shell induced anxiogenic-like behaviors. The final results showed that intra-NAc shell injection of subthreshold dose of Muscimol (0.2 μg/μl) attenuated anxiogenic-like behaviors by higher dose (0.025 μg/μl) of ACPA in the NAc shell. In addition, intra-NAc shell injection of subthreshold dose of Bicuculline (0.6 μg/μl) did not alter anxiogenic response by ACPA administration in the NAc shell. The results suggested that the activation of the NAc shell GABA (A) receptor attenuated the activity of cannabinoid system in the NAc shell.
Background: Neutrustransmitter systems of dopaminergic and glutamatergic of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) are involved in the regulation of anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, the activity of the NAc dopaminergic system is mediated by the glutamatergic inputs, which is mainly from the PFC. This study investigated the role of D2 dopaminergic system in nucleus accumbens and glutamatergical system of prelimbic area on anxiety-like behaviors in male rats.Methods: This study was performed on four experimental groups in 35 groups of 8 male rats. after 5 days of surgery in a stereotaxic frame, the Elevated Plus maze apparatus was employed for the recording parameters of anxiety-like behaviors due to intr-abrain injection of quinpirole (Dopamine receptor agonist), sulpiride (Dopaminergic D2 receptor antagonist), NMDA(NMDA receptor agonist) and D-AP7 (NMDA receptor antagonist.Results: Unilateral intra-left prelimbic injection of NMDA (0.9 μg/μl) reduced the anxiety-like behaviors (P<0.01), which was blocked by D-AP7 injection (P<0.01). Also, unilateral infusion of sulpiride (0.4 and 0.6 μg/μl) into the NAc shell induced anxiolytic-like behaviors (P<0.05). Furthermore, the administration of the sub threshold dose of sulpiride (0.2 μg/μl) in the NAc shell strengthened the effect of low dose NMDA (P<0.05), whereas reduced its high dose (P<0.01) in prelimbic.
Conclusion:The results indicate the regulatory effect of the dopamine D2 system of NAc shell on the anxiolyticlike response caused by NMDA injection in prelimbic region.
Background & Aims: Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of sesame oil on oxidative stress parameters caused by administration of streptozotocin in male rats. Matherials & Methods: This interventional experimental study was performed on five groups (7 on each) of male Wistar rats (250-270 g), including: the control group that did not receive any drug, the sham group that received 5 μl of saline in the lateral ventricles of the brain for 7 days, the streptotocin group which received 5 μl of streptotocin at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg in the lateral ventricles for 7 days, and two groups of streptotocin+sesame oil, which were first pre-treated by intraperitoneal injection of 5 ml/kg of sesame oil in two periods of 7 and 28 days and then received streptotocin. 48 hours after the last drug injection in the experimental groups, the hippocampuses of the rats' brains were separated and homogenized. The activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide desmutase, catalase, and the total amount of glutathione in the hippocampus tissue were measured using special kits. Data analysis was done by one-way ANOVA.
Results:The activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total glutathione in the hippocampal tissue of streptozotocin-treated rats decreased compared to the control group (P¬<0.05). 28-day pretreatment with sesame oil improved the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and the total amount of hippocampal glutathione in the streptozotocin+sesame oil group to normal values, compared to the streptozotocin group (P<0.05). Conclusion: By modulating the parameters of oxidative stress in the hippocampus, nutrition of sesame oil may prevent excessive reduction of antioxidant enzymes in the people with or prone to Alzheimer's disease.
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