blythi during a part of the annual cycle. All species examined except Miniopterus schreibersi reach their southern limits of distribution in Algeria. The duration of hibernation was shorter in Algeria than in Europe, but the reproductive cycle was similar in that insemination took place in autumn and fertilization in spring. Parturition occurred earlier than in European populations of the same species. Observations were made on the choice of roosts, formation of intraand interspecific associations, as well as individual and geographic variation in dates of parturition. The tendency of M. blythi to form harems during the mating season was noted.

Objective: The objectives of this study were essentially to evaluate the best technique for extracting phenolic compounds from Silybum marianum leaves. Subjects and Methods: Two extraction methods (maceration and decoction), using four extraction solvents. The efficiency of the extraction methods was estimated by quantifying the total polyphenol contents by the Folin -Ciocalteu method and by determining the antioxidant power of the various extracts by the ability to trap the free radical DPPH °, and the influence of these parameters on the antioxidant activity. Results: The results showed that the extracts of the leaves by maceration have contained the highest percentage yield (24.68%); the highest content in the aqueous -methanol polyphenols extract (18.75 ± 0.55 mg GAE / g DW ) against the decoction is more effective for the extraction of flavonoids and condensed tannins. The highest content of flavonoids had been recorded for the aqueous- ethanolic extract (5.08 ± 0.57 CE mg / g DW). The water had the highest content of condensed tannin (03.86 ± 0.22 TAE / g DW). On the other hand, the aqueous -ethanolic and aqueous -methanol extract of the leaves obtained by maceration have the best antioxidant capacity (73.84 ± 5.90 EAG / g DW and 73.64 ± 5.93 mg EAG / g DW respectively) and the aqueous extract of the leaves by decoction had a better antiradical power (48.64 μg / ml). Conclusion: The extraction of phenolic compounds from Silybum marianum leaves was strongly influenced by the type of solvent and the extraction method. In addition, it is very difficult to choose an appropriate extraction solvent for all plant samples.

The development of lactic fermentations for transformation and bio conservation of meat, part of the indigenous flora of the 'Kaddid' is very promotable, due to their adaptability to the conditions of fermentation. The objective of this study is the selection of indigenous strains of the Lactobacillus genus highly acidifying by phenotypic and biochemical methods. The selection focused on technological criteria, such as the ability to grow in an environments at Ph7 < T > 45°C, 4%

At birth, the newborn has no bacteria in its gut. This last is rapidly colonized by microbial flora (microbiota) from, mainly of the mother and environment. The main objective is the study of the influence of breastfeeding in the establishment of the intestinal microbial flora in the newborn. The secondary objective of this work was to analyze the bacterial diversity in feces of breast-fed infants and to compare it with that of formula-fed ones. Five pairs of mother-child and 5 fed formula have participated in the study. The Samples were taken at 1, 7, 30 and 90 days and plated out on various culture media. The present study shows that breast milk plays a major role in the development of the intestinal microbiota of the child. The results of this comparative study showed that the fecal matter of a mother breast-fed infants are more rich in probiotics and less rich in pathogenic bacteria that infants receiving infant formula.