Percutaneous interventions for structural heart diseases, such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr), or left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO), are rapidly growing and widely available. [1] According to the reports analyzing National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, there were 40 005 cases of TAVR, 4195 cases of TMVr, and 7550 cases of LAAO in the United States in 2016. [2] Although these catheter-based interventions for structural heart diseases are generally safe, there are still life-threatening complications (such as aortic perforation, cardiac tamponade, or aortic root puncture) that may originate from a lack of precision in procedural steps. [3] Interventionalists performing these complex procedures should be trained more efficiently and routinely formulate comprehensive procedure planning which help optimize clinical outcomes and minimized healthcare cost burden. [4] Although medical procedures for structural heart diseases have significantly evolved in the last 20 years, most of the interventional cardiologists have learned to refine the procedural techniques on patients following initial brief training. Due to the complexity and variability of the human body, there are limitations to what can realistically be accomplished with the
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