Background. Temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome (TMD) is a common disease among dental patients. It occurs as a consequence of malfunction of the tempromandibular and/or surrounding facial muscles. LED red light therapy is not been well established, and it is important to find out the role of this technique in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Aim of the Study. To evaluate the efficacy of the LED red light in the treatment of the tempromandibular dysfunction syndrome. Material and Methods. Fifty students of the College of Dentistry/University of Baghdad with myofacial pain associated with Tempromandibular Disorder volunteered to participate in this study and be evaluated during both treatment and follow-up periods. They were 40 (80%) females and 10 (20%) males. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A treated by TenDlite® Medical Device model 204 with a LED’s of wavelength 660 nm (red light) and Group B given placebo (no treatment at all) by just putting the TenDlite device near the tender points without battery and turning ON the device. Results. The changes in the pain value and number of the tender muscles in both groups were highly significant, only placebo group less but with no significant differences. Conclusions. This study showed that red LED therapy could be useful in improving patient’s symptoms regarding pain, clicking, and number of tender muscles. In addition, this study showed the importance of the psychological part of treatment of those patients. This trial is registered with TCTR20190406002.

Clefts of the lip, alveolus, and palate are the most common congenital malformation of the orofacial region. Bone grafting of the alveolar cleft is necessary for rehabilitation of oral function. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF), an autologous fibrin matrix is a secondgeneration platelet concentrate that has a positive effect on bone healing.Aim of the Study: The aim of this prospective study is to investigate and evaluate the quality and quantity of the bone graft that mixed with PRF when used in reconstruction of alveolar cleft in terms of bone density and resorption rate of the bone graft. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients with unilateral alveolar clefts were treated. The control group received bone grafts without PRF, while the remaining patients comprised the PRF group and received grafts with PRF. Postoperative bone graft density and rate of bone resorption were assessed by CBCT at 1 month and 6 months after surgery Results: Satisfactory bone bridging formation was observed in all patients and the mean of bone resorption in PRF group within 6 months after surgery lower than control group. The bone density of the PRF group was lower than that of the control group at 1 st month, which later after 6 months increased to be more than the control group. Conclusions: Platelet rich fibrin that mixed with autogenous bone graft was significantly reduce postoperative bone resorption. PRF may provide a higher bone density in the long postoperative course.

Bullet injuries were associated with a higher number of mandibular comminuted fractures, in addition to more extensive bone loss. While shell injuries of IED (improvised explosive devices), on the other hand, were associated with higher infection rate and more postoperative complication.

Background: The use of dental implants to restore edentulous parts of the jaws is a common and well-documented treatment method. Effective dental implant treatment is known to be affected by both the quality and the quantity of bone required for implant placement, bone quality is a critical factor to consider when predicting stability of implants. Thus, stability of the initial implant and the possibility of early loading could be predicated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and primary stability parameters before implant placement. Objectives: The aim of this study was to objectively assess bone density obtained by CBCT and the correlations with primary stability of dental implants using implant stability meter IST device. Methods: A total of 40 implants were placed in 16 patients (9 males and 7 females with a range of 22 to 61 years (mean age 40.44 ± 12.3 years). The bone densities of implant recipient sites were preoperatively recorded using CBCT. The maximum insertion torque value of each implant was measured by engine during implant placement and compared to the primary stability for every implant using implant stability meter device (IST). Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between bone density value from CBCT with the primary implant stability and insertion torque. Conclusion: Although the small samples size, the study shown bone density assessment using CBCT is an efficient method and significantly correlated with primary stability using implant stability meter device IST and insertion torque.

Soft tissue changes were observed in all patients. There was highly significant increase in tragus-commissure line in all patients, significant increase in lateral canthus-commissure line in 10 patients, and significant increase in medial canthus-commissure line and lower lip length in 9 patients. The lines' relation with the overjet was highly significant in right side of tragus-commissure line, lateral canthus-commissure line, medial canthus-commissure line, and lower lip length, and significant in left side of tragus-commissure line, lateral canthus-commissure line, and medial canthus-commissure line CONCLUSION:: Distraction osteogenesis has recognizable effect on facial soft tissue profile in addition to its effect on skeletal structure.

A congenial syngnathia is very rare condition. It can be simple mucosal fusion (synechiae), or complete bony fusion (synostosis) between the maxilla or zygoma and the mandible. Fusion of the ascending ramus of mandible to maxilla and zygoma is less common than fusions of the alveolar ridges of the mandible to the maxilla. Bony syngnathia is either isolated or complex in form. There are 59 cases of congenital bony syngnathia reported in the literature: the first report was by Burket in 1936. There are 16 reported cases of zygomatico-maxillo-mandibular fusion. In the reported cases, women expressed the isolated form more commonly whereas men demonstrated a more complex pattern of disease. The authors present another patient of bony syngnathia involving bilateral fusion of the ascending ramus and body of the mandible with the maxillary complex in a young man. Early surgery was performed to release the bony and soft tissue fusion on the eighth day from the baby's birth. A second operation was performed for recurrence when the baby was 2.5 months old. A customized splint, an intense postoperative program of mouth exercises, and close follow-up aims to prevent further refusion.

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to study the effects of the war against ISIS during period (2014–2018) on the incidence of cleft lip and palate and the appearance of different congenital anomalies. Materials and Methods: The collected sample consists of 320 newborn babies (160 patients and 160 infants as a control). The examined patients and controls were all included in this study, while the authors exclude those who born to relative parents, and if the mothers had taken any medications during pregnancy. All newborn cases and controls were physically examined by the research team, and a questionnaire was completed after obtaining the informed consent of mothers and/or fathers. Results: In this study, the authors found that 160 patients out of 40,500 live births were born with cleft lip and/or cleft palate, so their percentage was 0.39% from population, that is mean approximately 4 infants affected per each 1000 live births. The risk of cleft development among children who born to fathers who participated in long fighting against the terrorists was (OR = 44.333, 95% CI: 20.176–97.417). The associated combined anomalies were found in 88 patients (79%) especially among those whom fathers participated in the war Conclusion: From this study the authors can conclude that the dramatic increase in the incidence of cleft lip and palate and the appearance of different associated anomalies in the south of Iraq is due to the direct effect and impact of the war and the used toxic bombs on the chromosomal changes of the parents and the developing fetus.

The mandible was successfully elongated in 9 patients with significant decrease in overbite, overjet, and midline shift, and the actual horizontal movement needed in the correction of overjet is more than the horizontal distractor lengthening.