<p>Medical professionals involved at intraoperative fluoroscopy are exposed to low doses of the occupational radiation exposures. The biological effects of chronic low-dose radiation on human health are complex and have not been well established. The aim of the present study is to follow up hematological parameter changes during 2 years in medical professionals exposed to ionization radiation in operating rooms.<strong></strong></p><p>22 medical professionals (medical specialists and technicians), chronically exposed to ionizing radiation of mobile C-Arm X ray machine, were selected. The seven hematological parameters were examined each time. The statistical analyses were done by Student’s t test and one way ONOVA test.</p><p>The data analysis led to the following observations: (1) the present study incorporated that the basic hematological parameters including the mean value of red blood cells (P=0.90), white blood cells (P=0.68), and platelets count (P=0.45) did not show a significant difference between two years. (2) The mean values corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, corpuscular hemoglobin, and hematocrit parameters were found disturbed low or high in some of medical professionals but their means were not significantly different between two measurements. (3)A statistically significant relation in mean value of RBCs with the duration of exposure and sex were observed.</p><p>It seems that, hematological parameters survey could not be a reliable test as the biological indicator of long term exposure to very low dose of radiation exposure in medical professionals which their physical dosimetry values are lower than dose limits. </p>

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Introduction: Idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE) refers to a group of epilepsies resulting from the activation of neurons in the whole brain. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolite changes in thalamus as diagnostic biomarkers in IGE patients compared to healthy individuals using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique.Methods: The MRS was performed on 35 IGE patients (26 women and 11 men) with average age of 32 (ranged from 18 to 43) and 35 healthy individuals (13 women and 22 men) with average age of 31 (ranged from 21 to 50) as the control group. The levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho) were measured using MRS. The NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho ratios were calculated for all participants. These values were statistically compared using t-test between the groups.Results: The NAA had significant lower values in IGE patients, 9.6 (SD = 0.8) and 9.9 (SD = 0.7) for right and left thalamus, respectively, compared to 10.9 (SD = 0.9) and 10.7 (SD = 0.9) in control group. The Cr values in the left side of thalamus were significantly higher in IGE patients (6.7 [SD = 0.8] versus 5.8 [SD = 0.5]); however, there was no difference in right thalamus. Measurements showed no difference for amounts of Cho between the groups in both sides of thalamus. The NAA/Cr ratio was 1.48 (SD = 0.14) and 1.48 (SD = 0.16) for right and left thalamus, respectively, in IGE patients in comparison with 1.83 (SD = 0.2) and 1.86 (SD = 0.26) in controls. There was no meaningful variation between the NAA/Cho ratio of the right and left thalamus among the groups.Conclusion: Thalamic NAA, Cr and NAA/Cr ratio values in IGE patients showed statistical differences compared to healthy individuals. Evaluating metabolites variations in thalamus using MRS is suggested for differentiating IGE patients from healthy individuals.

Introduction: Although in many developed countries, Analog radiography (AR) is replaced with digital radiography (DR) but AR is still widely used in many countries included Iran. Therefore, dosimetrically assessment of delivered dose is very important to avoid unnecessary patient dose. Materials and Methods: In this study, all imaging centers in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad were selected. The initial information included the mean kVp and mAs used by the personnel to perform each radiological procedure were gathered through a questionnaire. Barracuda dosimeter was then used to measure Incident air kerma (ki). Data obtained from digital radiography (DR) and analogue radiography (AR) were then analyzed and compared to each other. Results: The mean incident air kerma (ki) for five radiological procedures (chest AP&Lat, Skull AP&Lat, Lumbar spine AP&Lat, Thoracic spine AP&Lat and Pelvis) in digital devices were 0.38&1.34, 2.1&1.94, 4.99&7.83, 4.18& 6.41 and 4.33 mGy and those for analogue devices were 0.7&1.28, 3.05&3.02, 7.25&9.9, 7.125&8.36 and 5.36 mGy, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The use of low kVp or high mAs is one of the reasons to increase the incident air kerma (ki) in analogue methods comparing to digital methods in all procedures except the chest (in Lateral view). Also the results, surprisingly, showed that in some of the analogue methods incident air kerma (ki) was less than digital methods which is most probably because of the auto-exposure conditions.

Background: Local Dose Reference Level (LDRL) values as the standard radiation dose of all radiography examinations are used in medical imaging to reveal the patient dose level or administered activity for a specified imaging procedure. Materials and Methods: The incident air kerma (Ki) was measured for five radiographic examinations (Skull AP/Lat, Chest AP/Lat, Lumbar AP/Lat, Thoracic AP/Lat and Pelvic AP) throughout the province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-ahmad (as a deprived area). The founding DRLs results were sort; the third quartile was selected as the average DRL and compared with the other DRLs provinces of Iran as well as the standard data of developed countries. Results: The radiographic LDRL were found to be 0.72,