Background Currently, the main goal of cancer research is to increase longevity of patients suffering malignant cancers. The promising results of BCc1 in vitro and vivo experiments made us look into the effect of BCc1 nanomedicine on patients with cancer in a clinical trial. Methods The present investigation was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, and multicenter study in which 123 patients (30-to-85-year-old men and women) with metastatic and non-metastatic gastric cancer, in two separate groups of BCc1 nanomedicine or placebo, were selected using a permuted block randomization method. For metastatic and non-metastatic patients, a daily dose of 3000 and 1500 mg was prescribed, respectively. Overall survival (OS) as the primary endpoint and quality of life (measured using QLQ-STO22) and adverse effects as the secondary endpoints were studied. Results In metastatic patients, the median OS was significantly higher in BCc1 nanomedicine (174 days [95% confidence interval (CI) 82.37–265.62]) than in placebo (62 days [95% CI 0–153.42]); hazard ratio (HR): 0.5 [95% CI 0.25–0.98; p = 0.046]. In non-metastatic patients, the median OS was significantly higher in BCc1 nanomedicine (529 days [95% CI 393.245–664.75]) than in placebo (345 days [95% CI 134.85–555.14]); HR: 0.324 [95% CI 0.97–1.07; p = 0.066]. The QLQ-STO22 assessment showed a mean difference improvement of 3.25 and 2.29 ( p value > 0.05) in BCc1 nanomedicine and a mean difference deterioration of − 4.42 and − 3 (p-value < 0.05) in placebo with metastatic and non-metastatic patients, respectively. No adverse effects were observed. Conclusion The findings of this trial has provided evidence for the potential capacity of BCc1 nanomedicine for treatment of cancer. Trial registration IRCTID, IRCT2017101935423N1. Registered on 19 October 2017, http://www.irct.ir/ IRCT2017101935423N1 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-019-0484-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Background Simultaneous occurrence of colorectal malignancy with pelvic kidney has been considered a rare phenomenon. A review of the related literature revealed three previous reports of rectal cancer and pelvice kidney. Case presentation This case report describe the case of 40-year-old Asian man with complaints of bleeding and a feeling of discomfort in his anus. A colonoscopy revealed a raised large multilobulated mass in his rectum. Multiple biopsies of the lesion were done after detecting a tumor in his rectum 4 cm above the dentate line; a diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma was made by pathological examinations. Subsequent investigations, carried out by computed tomography (CT) scans, incidentally showed an ectopic pelvic kidney. Because of the progress of the rectal cancer, our patient was a candidate for neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Six weeks after radiotherapy, he underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery maintaining the ectopic kidney after using a coloanal anastomosis for additional curative surgery. A very low anterior resection surgery was performed to maintain the ectopic kidney. Thereafter, adjuvant chemotherapy was performed. Conclusions Due to the proximity of the tumor to the pelvic viscera, especially the ectopic kidney, the probability of inadequate abscission of the lesion in surgery and radiotherapy, as well as complications and localized relapse were increased so that the kidney could be maintained. Carrying out careful pre-treatment examinations can result in maintaining an ectopic kidney and its daily conditioned function dependent on the status of the patient, including the proximity of the ectopic kidney to the tumor, anatomical position, and prior damage. The lesson learned from the present case is that radiotherapy and surgery are possible treatments in the presence of pelvic kidney and rectal cancer without incurring renal damage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13256-019-2151-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the world. Timely use of appropriate diagnostic methods in the early stages of this cancer can reduce its consequences and mortality. Materials and Methods: 287 women with breast mass referring to the Breast Cancer Research Center affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran (Iran) participated in this cross-sectional study. Demographic data, clinical manifestations and drug history were recorded. Clinical examinations were carried out by a qualified physician. Finally, the correspondence between the data obtained from the clinical examinations with the pathologic results was evaluated. Results: 287 women with breast cancer (age range: 22-84 year old) participated in the study. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of participants' age was 47.71±11.62. Based on pathology results 64 subjects (22.30%) had benign and 223 (77.70%) had malignant lesions. 37 subjects (12.89%) had benign and 250 (87.11%) had malignant lesions on the basis of the clinical breast examination (CBE). Sensitivity and specificity of CBE were 98.21% and 51.56%, and also, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 87.6% and 89.19% respectively. Younger women were less likely to have malignant breast mass compared to older women. Moreover, a significant difference was found between unemployed and employed women as well as between menopausal and non-menopausal women. Conclusion:The results of the present study showed that clinical examination by skilled physicians can still be an important, highly sensitive and reliable method for diagnosis of breast cancer, especially in the patients who had breastfed their infants for more than 24 to 72 months, and menopausal women or patients with more than 3 pregnancies.
Background: Nowadays, one criterion to assess the impact of various treatments in cancer patients is the quality of life (QOL), which represents the patients' physical and psychosocial manner. It is already proved that BCc1 nanomedicine enjoys therapeutic behavior in cancer treatment of in vitro, animal, and human studies. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed at investigating the QOL in gastric cancer patients according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire after treating them with BCc1 nanomedicine synthesized based on nanochelating technology. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, and multicenter study was conducted to investigate the QLQ-STO30 of 60 metastatic (8 weeks after treatment) and 60 non-metastatic (20 weeks after treatment) gastric cancer patients in two separate groups named BCc1 nanomedicine and placebo. Results: In the metastatic patients, the mean difference of overall QLQ-STO30 showed a 2.8-score improvement in BCc1 nanomedicine (P < 0.05) and a 5.2-score decline in placebo (P < 0.05); in non-metastatic patients, it showed a 2.3-score improvement in BCc1 nanomedicine (P > 0.05) and a 3-score decline in placebo (P > 0.05). Conclusions:The results of the study showed that BCc1 nanomedicine improves a number of indices in metastatic and nonmetastatic gastric cancer patients, such as functional domains, symptom scales, and global QOL included in EORTC QLQ-STO30 questionnaire.
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