Foreign bodies are amongst the commonest emergencies presenting to the otorhinolaryngologists. They can be remarkably difficult to see and remove. However, nasopharyngeal foreign bodies are exceedingly rare. Foreign bodies can have disastrous complications, such as rhinolith formation, septal perforation, erosion into the surrounding structures, and infections including sinusitis, otitis media, periorbital cellulitis, diphtheria, meningitis, and tetanus. Imaging investigations, such as X-ray, CT scan and MRI, can be of great help in diagnosing and planning treatment in clinically equivocal cases, although they are rarely needed. Complete removal of the foreign body is of paramount importance in treating this entity. This unique case demonstrates the importance of a thorough clinical examination and history in patients presenting with vague complaints, especially in the paediatric population due to their usually non-specific symptoms and insufficient history. Keywords: Foreign body, emergency, impaction.

Background: Septoplasty is one of the most commonly performed procedures in the ENT department. It is done when a patient presents with a deviated nasal septum, due to which he is not able to live his life to the fullest due to persisting symptoms of congestion, breathing difficulties and recurrent infections etc. It negatively affects his quality of life. In Septoplasty, the deviated nasal septum is removed and the remaining tissue repaired, which should alleviate some of his symptoms. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of septoplasty on the symptoms with which a patient first presented due to deviated nasal septum and whether or not their quality of life improved after surgery. Study type, settings and duration: A cross-sectional study was done on the patients who had undergone the procedure of septoplasty in the month of August and September, and a follow-up of their treatment was taken by ENT department on the telephone 1 month later and was documented. Methodology: After the approval of SMDC-IRB, the patients who had undergone Septoplasty in August and September 2021 in Shalamar Hospital were recruited and called upon via a telephone. After obtaining consent, they were asked questions from the self-administered questionnaire regarding the post septoplasty symptoms and the questionnaire itself was duly filled by the ENT department. The response forms were then transported into excel sheets and data was analyzed, response was recorded as percentage and frequency, for demographics, improvements and/or persistence in symptoms and whether they would suggest this procedure to a closed one. Results: This was a cross sectional study with a sample size of 194. According to the analysis there were 46% (n=90) males and 53% (n=104) females in our study. All the study participants were Pakistani nationals. 70% (n=136) underwent septoplasty and 30% (n=58) underwent septoturbinectomy. When asked that will you repeat the same surgical procedure for persistent issue 27% (n=54) said Yes while 72% (n=140) said No. We asked the study participants that will they prefer same surgical procedure for someone they know, 96% (n=187) said yes while 4% (n=7) said no. There was a highly significant (p < .000) difference between perceived symptoms before surgery and after surgery among patients who went for septoplasty and septoturbinectomy. Practical implication: This study signifying the life improvement after septoplasty will entrust the community for a better outcome after the procedure. Evidence based betterment in the life of patients will be encouraging for a more flourishing essence of being. Conclusion: Majority of the people who underwent Septoplasty greatly benefited postoperatively as their symptoms associated with a deviated nasal septum that negatively affected their life before, showed immense improvement and henceforth, their quality of life also ameliorated. Key words; Septoplasty, ENT, Quality, post-procedure, Improvement.

Background: The novel Corona virus (SARS COV-2) causes respiratory tract infection that has been labeled as Covid-19. It was declared a pandemic by WHO on 30th of January 2020. So far, COVID-19 has involved 218 countries and territories with 135,338,376 total cases and 2,929,315 total deaths. This virus causes severe respiratory distress syndrome and usually present with dry cough, fever, respiratory distress, and myalgia. Interestingly, patients have shown various nonspecific presentations and Anosmia is also a prominent nonspecific feature. Aim: To find out the overall progress, duration and recovery of Covid-19 related loss of smell (anosmia). Methods: This is a retrospective online study in which 45 patients were included. Data was collected by using ‘Google survey form’. Only those patients, who were confirmed cases of Covid-19 (diagnosed by PCR) and who lost their smell at least 3 month earlier, were included in this study. The Statistical analysis of collected data was then carried out by using SPSS software. Results: Out of 45 patients 17(37.8%) were male and 28(62.2%) were female (male to female ratio of 1:1.6). 71.2% of the respondents were up to 40years of age. 12(26.7%) patients were between 41 to 50 years, while only one patient (2.2%) was between 51 to 60 years. In 43 patients (95.6%) the anosmia was reversible. In two of our respondents (4.4%), the smell sensation didn’t return even after 3 months. Conclusion: The anosmia in Covid-19 is mostly reversible and in most of the patients its duration is less than 2 weeks. Keywords: Anosmia, Covid-19, SARS COV-2

Aim: To investigate new factors which influence intracranial otogenic complications in adults. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and duration of study: Department of ENT, Services Hospital Lahore from 1st October 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: Fifty patients were analyzed in COVID times (2020-2021) with intracranial otogenic complications for determination of new factors for the onset of this disease complication. Hundred patients were assessed from the time period of 2014-2018. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of MRI or MRV imaging with intracranial complications. Reverse Transcriptase PCR was also performed on each patient through naso-pharyngeal swab test. The patients age, gender, clinical and comorbidity history, neurological state, immobility, prophylaxis and coagulopathy risks were documented. Result: The mean age of the patients was 62.3±5.5 years during COVID times and 50.2±6.1 years before COVID-19. The Pre-COVID-19 period had all males reported with intracranial otogenic complications. While in COVID times 12% females were reported with intracranial otogenic complications such as meningitis, brain abscess as well as Lateral/venous sinus thrombosis. Lateral/venous sinus thrombosis among IOC was more commonly observed in the COVID time. Conclusion: Cerebral lateral/venous-sinus thrombosis is appeared to be the rare factor that can be linked with COVID-19. Keywords: Complications, Otitis media, COVID-19, Adult, Intracranial otitis